ISSN 1390-7638 print version
ISSN 1390-7697 online version

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

• ARBITRATION PROCESS
• EDITORIAL PROCESS
• PRESENTATION PROTOCOLS
• WRITING GUIDELINES
• CITATION AND REFERENCE STANDARDS

RCTU works with the arbitration modality of double-blind peer-review or DBPR (double-blind-peer-review) with expert reviewers in the area. The reviewers support the free dissemination of open science for readers and authors, ensuring the quality, originality, and relevance of the scientific articles.

Considerations as a reviewer

The participation of reviewers is fundamental and timely in the editorial process of our journal framed in the open access (Open Access) context and without APC (Article Processing Charge). Acceptance to evaluate a manuscript involves the following:

• Commitment to confidentiality
• Conflict of interest
• Availability of time
• Knowledge and experience in the article's theme

If unable to carry out the manuscript evaluation process, it is necessary to notify the Editor, stating the reasons for declining the invitation to review.

Declaration of confidentiality and conflict of interest for reviewers

Confidentiality Commitment: Not to use the proposed article's information (previous results, developed concepts, etc.) for personal benefit and/or expose others or an organization

Research Conflict of Interest (COI): When a private or personal interest affects personal criteria or actions, resulting in personal, economic, or professional gain.

Arbitration Procedure for Article Evaluation

1. Through OJS, an email is sent to the specialist reviewer inviting them to review the article, with the option to respond within 10 days, either accepting or declining the request.

2. Once the article evaluation is accepted, the reviewer must agree to the Confidentiality and Conflict of Interest Statement.

3. For the review, the reviewer has access to the manuscript (anonymized) and the Evaluation Criteria for External Reviewers form, which ensures transparency in the evaluation and the quality of the articles. The estimated time for the review is between 15 to 30 days.

4. The reviewers will decide with three verdicts: 1) Publishable; 2) Publish with modifications; 4) Not publishable.

5. If the peer reviewers agree on unfavorable verdicts, the article will be subjected to a third reviewer.

6. If there are divergent opinions among the reviewers, the Editorial Board reserves the right to publish or not publish the article.

The UPSE Editorial management is carried out through the OJS platform; every action taken in this system is confirmed with automated emails to the users. Users are reminded to check the registered email and therefore the OJS platform. In case of technical difficulties with OJS or inquiries, contact revista_upse@upse.edu.ec

The process of a submitted article is developed in four phases described in the flowchart of the following link:

a) Receipt Phase

When submitting an article, the author or authors declare in good faith that the manuscript is original and unpublished and has not been simultaneously submitted for publication to another journal or publisher, whether printed and/or electronic, committing not to submit it to another digital or printed medium while it is under review, nor subsequently, in case it is accepted for publication. Review the manuscript for correct writing, spelling, grammar, and adherence to citation and reference standards.

Manuscripts will only be received on the OJS (Open Journal Systems) platform, follow the Manual for Article Submissions. The mandatory documents received by the platform at this stage are:

• Letter of originality and author rights, in PDF format. Document detailing the authors' information, such as: Full names, nationality, email, ORCID code, academic title and the institution granting it, affiliation with the city, country, and postal code. If affiliated with a university, you can add the faculty or research group to the description; if not affiliated, you can describe "Independent researcher".

• Manuscript, be it a scientific article or a bibliographic review article, in DOCX or DOC format. If the manuscript contains images, they must have a resolution of at least 150ppi. You can follow the Template for articles.

If any of these documents are missing or their content is incomplete, they will not be accepted by the Editorial Committee for processing. These submitted documents will remain confidential and will preserve anonymity for subsequent review.

The publisher will examine the following within an estimated period of one month:

1. The Letter of Originality and Copyright completed and signed.

2. Ensure that the manuscript matches the theme of the journal and adheres to the guidelines for Author Instructions.

3. The manuscript undergoes plagiarism detection policies.

If the article does not meet these three requirements, it will be returned and removed from the database. Alternatively, if there is no response to the observations of this phase for manuscript changes, the publisher will assume that the author has withdrawn from the publication and will remove it from the database.

b) Review Phase

The journal works with the double-blind peer review system (DBPR) with reviewers who are experts in the field. The Evaluation Criteria for External Reviewers, ensure transparency in evaluation and assess the quality of the submitted manuscripts.

The estimated review time is from 1 month to 2½ months. The review process includes the following stages:

1. The reviewers will decide with three verdicts: 1) Publishable; 2) Publish with modifications; 4) Not publishable.

2. If the reviewers agree on unfavorable verdicts, the article will be submitted to a third reviewer..

3. After receiving suggestions, authors have between 3 to 15 days to make and submit corrections. Otherwise, the Editorial Committee will assume that the author has withdrawn from publication and will remove the manuscript from the database.

4. If there are divergent opinions among the reviewers, the Editorial Committee reserves the right to publish or not publish the article.

5. The Chief Editor reviews the corrections and evaluations of the manuscripts, reserving the right, along with the editorial team, to publish or not publish the article.

c) Editorial Phase

In this phase, the publisher considers the following:

• When an author submits more than one article in the same edition, if approved, each will be published in a different edition.

• The priority for article publication will be determined by the order of submission, peer review date, and author's correction submission date.

The Publisher reserves the right to make style corrections and editorial changes, in writing, morphology, and philology, deemed necessary to improve the manuscript, as well as to correct value judgments and discrimination if necessary.

It adheres to the correct use of format, references, and bibliographic citations according to the UNE-ISO 690:2013 standards (Spanish version of ISO 690:2010) of the Numeric System method.

d) Production Phase

During this phase, the layout of the final version of the article (post-print) is completed, with the graphic editing and style of the journal.

The published version (post-prints) of the articles is deposited on the website in PDF and HTML formats. The journal guarantees permanent accessibility through the unique and permanent identifier for electronic publications, DOI (Digital Object Identifier), whose main function is to search and locate a resource (journals, articles, books…) on the web, ensuring its permanence and availability.

The Article Template. is available. Generally, the manuscript should maintain the following presentation format:

• Pages in A4 size, numbered at the bottom right with Arabic numbers, and 2.50cm margins on each side.

• Primary headings (Summary, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusions, and References) should be written in lowercase except for the first letter which should be uppercase, without a final period, highlighted in bold, size 12pt. The text corresponding to the title will start on a separate line.

• Secondary and tertiary titles (not widely used) in bold, size 11pt and 10pt respectively; in both cases, the first letter in uppercase, aligned to the left, without a final period. The text corresponding to the title will start on a separate line.

• The typography throughout the text is Times New Roman, size 10pt.

• Paragraphs in a single column, with single line spacing, justified alignment, without indentation, and without space before or after them.

• Number each line of text (continuous option, in Line Numbers from the Word Layout / Page Layout menu).

• Footnotes should provide brief and complementary information to the text to strengthen the discussion, avoid complexity and irrelevance. Their format will be with Times New Roman typography, size 8 pt, single space, justified alignment, numbered with superscript Arabic numbers.

Tables:

• The table title is written at the top, should be ordered with consecutive Arabic numbers after the word Table in bold, then place a period and then the table title without bold. Maintain the size and font type of the general document.

• The table content, Source, and Note should have sans-serif typography such as Arial or Calibri, size 9pt.

• The table itself is marked only with horizontal lines, and its line spacing can be 1.5

• Source: This should be at the bottom of the table, used solely to credit the authorship distinct from the article researcher. Omit this section if it is the author's own work. Only if the table or figure is made with personal information based on data from a particular source, it is cited: “Own elaboration based on Lastname Author [#].”

• Note: This should be at the bottom of the table, below the Source if applicable, used for abbreviations, symbols, legends, additional descriptions.

Examples about tables:

Figures:

• The title of the figure is written at the bottom. They should be ordered with consecutive Arabic numbers after the word “Figure” in bold, then a dot is placed followed by the figure title in non-bold. Keep the size and typeface of the general document.

• The content of the figure and Source must have a sans-serif typography such as Arial or Calibri, in size 9pt.

• Source: This should follow the figure's title, with a period afterward; it is only used to credit the authorship different from the article's researcher. Omit this section if it is the author's own work. Only if the table or figure is made with original information based on the data from a particular source, cite: “Own elaboration based on LastName Author [#].”

• Note: This should be at the bottom of the figure and is used for abbreviations, symbols, legends, additional descriptions.

• In the case of statistical charts, keep the journal's color palette (hex): #4472c4 (soft blue); #a5a5a5 (lead); #5b9bd5 (sky blue); #264478 (dark blue); #636363 (dark lead); #255e91 (blue) #007ab2 (sky blue2); #002b5c (blue2). Examples of figures:

Examples about figures:

When writing the content, consider the following:

• Decimal numbers should be separated by a comma (,) and not by a dot.

• Thousands are separated by a blank space. Example: $1,200.00

• Abbreviations, as indicated by the Royal Spanish Academy.

• When using a term in another language or Latin expression, it will be in italics

• The scientific names of animal and plant species will be in italics except for their classifier.

• Only symbols and units from the International System of Units and chemical nomenclature are accepted.

• If the manuscript contains equations, use the Microsoft Equation Editor or Math Type, number them consecutively and refer to them as "Equation 1" and not "(1)". The meaning of the equation symbols should be defined before they appear in the text or immediately afterward and should be written in italics.

• Acronyms, the first time they are used, will be in parentheses, preceded by the full name of the entity or concept they represent. Exceptions are well-known ones like UNESCO, UN, IDB, etc.

1. Type of manuscripts and structure

The document's writing should be between 3,000 and 6,000 words, excluding article data, author(s), abstract, keywords, and references. The types of manuscripts that the RCTU editorial receives are:

• Scientific article.– Targets the study of a problem, ideas, or debates with skill and creativity to inform valid and reliable research results. It refers to the achieved scope and its possible scientific applications. The writing should be precise, clear, and brief, with semantic self-sufficiency [1]. Its traditional structure: introduction; materials and methods; results and discussion; conclusions; and references. An alternate structure is IMRYD: introduction; materials and methods; results; discussion; and references [2].

• Review article or state of the art.– Presents a bibliographic review (minimum 25 references) of a certain study area with relevant researchers, highlighting their main ideas and contributions. The author's contribution is the analysis, adaptations, and comments based on objective and supported statements of the state of the art [3]. With a minimum of 4,000 words, its structure consists of: introduction, analysis (period), discussion; conclusions; and references.

If strictly necessary, manuscripts can have appendices at the end.

2. Detail of the manuscript components (IMRYD format)

Remove the information of the authors in the manuscript text as well as in the metadata of the Microsoft Word application, to ensure an anonymous review process. (See Anonymous Review Guide).

Title: It should be brief and concise; it should not include acronyms or abbreviations. Use technical, precise, and direct language that identifies the content of the article. Avoid words or phrases that do not contribute any meaning. It should not have more than 15 words.

Summary/Abstract: It is the synthesis of the article, written in past tense; it does not include bibliographic citations, abbreviations, acronyms and should be between 100 and 150. The Abstract section with the same requirements written in English. The correct drafting of the summary should imply the circumstances of the research problem, the main objective, 2-4 sentences about the methodology used, the main conclusions related to the objectives [5].

Keywords: From 3 to 5 words or short phrases, separated by a comma, they should reflect the content of the article without conjugated verbs, they will be written in alphabetical order from left to right, these cannot be in the title of the manuscript. In the Keywords section they will be written in the same order as the keywords. For specialized and thematic language, it is also recommended to use the UNESCO Thesaurus.

Introduction: It describes problem to be investigated and the state of the art; the main objectives of the research should be included. Much of the introduction should be written in the present tense. It reveals the question, why was this work done? It has elements such as: purpose, importance, issues, background, current knowledge of the subject, concluding in objectives and/or hypothesis of the problem.

Materials and methods: Written in past tense, it describes how the study was done, the design of the work, the population or sample and how it was selected, place and initial and final dates when the study was conducted, as well as the procedures, the variables, and the statistical methods used for data analysis [5 p.15]. For example, in field experiments, the experimental design used, edaphology and climatic characteristics of the experimental site must necessarily be indicated. This section should answer the questions: what, when, where, how, and with what.

Results and discussion: They will be precise and concrete in the past tense, supported by tables and figures (editable). Data CANNOT be presented at the same time in tables and figures. They will be discussed by interpreting and commenting on the criteria of the author and other authors, looking for a scientific explanation of the results obtained; a simple comparison with data reported by other authors does not mean discussion. It is necessary to maintain scientific, methodological, and ethical rigor [6].

Tables and Figures: They allow the author to present large amounts of information in an efficient and understandable way. Figures should not duplicate information already existing in tables. They must be mentioned in the body of the text. For example, “… the data proposed in Table 2 shows…”.

In case of statistical tables, keep the color palette of the magazine (hexagonal): #4472c4 (soft blue); #a5a5a5 (lead); #5b9bd5 (light blue); #264478 (dark blue); #636363 (dark lead); #255e91 (blue) #007ab2 (light blue2); #002b5c (blue2).

Conclusions: Written in the present tense, it must be related to the objective of the study; they are concrete and summarized statements of the interpretation of the results; in some cases, aspects to consider in future research can be suggested. This conclusion section is not to repeat results again.

Funding: Detail the type of funding that your research work required. For example, it could be one of the following options:

• The authors state that no funding was needed to carry out this research work.
• The authors state self-funding to carry out this research work.
• The authors state that the funding was carried out by …

Conflict of Interest: Indicate if there is any conflict of interest in the research. For example, it could be one of the following options:

• The authors declare no conflict of interest.
• The authors of this article are …

References: They are placed at the end of the article, and only those necessary for understanding and substantiating the article should be referenced and cited; all references must be cited in the text and vice versa. Strict compliance with standards in references and their correct citation in the text is the exclusive responsibility of the authors; all references must be verifiable via the internet.

Depending on the subject, generally up to 25 references, are allowed, excluding review articles (minimum 30), of which 60% must be from the last 5 years, according to the year of article submission. Of the total, a minimum of 5% must come from journals indexed with bibliographic indicators such as WOS and Scopus.

For the writing of articles, the UNE-ISO 690:2013 standards (Spanish version of ISO 690:2010) [7, 8] are assumed with the citation and reference method of the Numeric System; this standard provides guidelines for the drafting of bibliographic references and citations in Latin script for information resources.

1. Ways to cite in the body of the text

Citation.– It is found in the body of the text and is the guide to the resource that has been consulted or referenced in the bibliographic references of the document. There are textual and conceptual citations.

It must be identified with a consecutive Arabic numbering in the order of appearance of the quote in the body of the text, written in brackets and at the end of the text of the quote before punctuation marks (, . ; :).

The textual citation must be identified in quotes (“ ”), plus the page from which the information is extracted, in brackets; but not the conceptual ones, which will go without the quotation marks. Examples:

“Magnesium forms a part of the chlorophyll molecule and therefore it can be said that it plays a structural role. However, chlorophyll is an important catalytic molecule that indispensably requires magnesium for its functioning” [2, p. 45]. Assim;, ...

The Richardson number provides information about the generation of KH waves, it is a good indicator to estimate where instabilities may first appear [5], this allows…

Multiple references should be separated by a comma (,). For example:

For this, the study methodology is mixed, based on the UNICEF 1990 child malnutrition framework [3, 5, 6, 7], and uses quantitative methods, based on a probabilistic data pooling model, and qualitative methods, supported by a documentary review.

An author's name can be mentioned in the text by writing the first surname or combination of surnames and the year in parentheses; but at the end of the idea, place the corresponding citation to that reference, in brackets. Example with one, two, and three or more authors:

Alcívar (2021) points out that the Richardson number provides information about the generation of KH waves, it is a good indicator to estimate where instabilities might first appear [2].

Jarrin-Díaz and Calle (2021) indicate that the Richardson number provides information about the generation of KH waves, it is a good indicator to estimate where instabilities might first appear [2].

Osorio et al. (2021) say that the Richardson number provides information about the generation of KH waves, it is a good indicator to estimate where instabilities might first appear [2].

How to write bibliographic references

Reference.– It is a final section of the article, where all the references are detailed in the order they were cited in the body of the text, they are numbered with Arabic numerals; all must be cited in the text and vice versa.

Bibliographic references should come from articles published in scientific journals, books, book chapters, theses that are part of library catalogs; all of them available on the internet [1].

How to detail authors.– If the author is not described in the source, the director, editor, translator, institution, or organization can also be considered as the author.

Corporate authorship:

UNESCO INSTITUTE FOR STATISTICS. Financing education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Meeting the challenges of expansion, equity and quality. UNESCO, 2011.

The standard allows writing the full name of the authors or only the initials, but to cooperate with the I4OC Open Citation Initiative, full surnames and names are preferred if possible. First, the surnames in uppercase, followed by a comma (,), and then the name with the first letter in uppercase. It should be noted that some authors prefer compound surnames joined by a hyphen [9], these must be referenced and cited in the same way.

Individual authorship:

MORGAN, Steve. Cybersecurity Almanac: 100Facts, Figures, Predictions and Statistics. Cybercrime Magazine [En línea]. 2022 [Consulta: 28 abr. 2022]. Disponible en: https://cybersecurityventures.com/cybersecurity-almanac-2022

In the case of two or more authors, write the first surname of the first author, followed by a comma (,), then the names, in the same way, the following authors, and before the last author place the conjunction “and”, separated by a semicolon (;) between authors.

Multiple authorship:

AVARRO, Andrés; URCUQUI, Christian; OSORIO-DÍAZ, José, and GARCÍA, Melisa. Cybersecurity: an approach from data science [Online]. ICESI University, 2019 [Consulted: April 28, 2022]. DOI: https://doi.org/doi:10.18046/EUI/ee.4.2018

author onwards. For example: QUIROZ, Bianca and Isabel CAMACHO. Any form of writing that is assumed will be done throughout the manuscript.

Types of Bibliography.– Remember that each reference must be verifiable via the internet, so the URL must be valid; for electronic books and journals, DOI is preferred. In the Simple Text Query online application, you can get a reference DOI. To describe the references according to the type, consider the following:

a) Books.- In print and electronic form, book chapters are also considered.

Electronic:

LAST NAME/S, author's name. Title of the work (in italics) [online]. Edition (if not the 1st). Place of publication: publisher, year, pages. ISBN (if stated in the book) [consultation date: dd month aa]. Available at: DOI or URL

CRESPO-VILLALAZ Carlos. Mecánica de suelos y cimentaciones [online]. 5a ed. México: Limusa, 2004. ISBN 968-18-6489-1 [consultation date: 5 marzo 2022]. Available at: https://deingenierias.com/libros/libros-de-ingenieria-civil/

Printed book:

LAST NAME/S, author's name. Title of the work (in italics). Edition (if not the 1st). Place of publication: publisher, year. ISBN (if stated in the book). Available at: URL

FERNANDEZ RODRÍGUEZ, E. J. and CAMACHO FERRE F. Practical manual of fertigation in drip irrigation. Madrid, Spain: Agrotécnicas Editions, 2008. Available at: https://agrotecnicas.com/libros/agronomía Book chapters: LAST NAME/S, author's name of the chapter.

Chapter title:

LAST NAME, author's name of the work. Title of the work (in italics). Edition (if not the 1st). Place of publication: publisher, year, pages. ISBN (if stated in the book)

PIMENTEL, J. Between the plant empire and the sacred enigma. Linnaeus, Goethe, and the language of plants. In: OLMOS, R., CABRERA, P. and MONTERO, S. (eds.). The plant kingdom in the religious imagination of the Mediterranean.. Madrid: Polyphemus, 2005, pp. 297-320. JORDÁ GUTIERREZ Concha. Viruses, viroid, and phytoplasmas.

JORDÁ GUTIERREZ Concha and others. Tomato crop health. Spain: Phytoma, 1998, pp.197-247

b) Periodicals.– These can be printed or electronic journals.

LAST NAME/S, author's name of the article (year). Article title. Journal title [online]. No Volume (No Number), pages. ISSN: 000. [Consultation: date]. Available at: DOI or URL

CONTRERAS-MIRANDA Javier and RAMÍREZ MARÍN Miguel (2020). Synthetic insecticides for the control of the brown stink bug (Euschistus heros F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). UPSE Scientific and Technological Journal [online]. 7(1), 08-13. ISSN 1390-7697. [Consultation: March 5, 2022]. Available at: https://incyt.upse.edu.ec/ciencia/revistas/index.php/rctu/article/view/505

c) Thesis.– Can also be considered as academic works.

LAST NAME/S, Author's First Name. Work Title [online]. LAST NAME/S, Secondary creator's First Name (tutor) [Type of thesis or work]. Academic institution, place, year. [Accessed: date]. Available at: URL

LEÓN GARCÍA, Israel Iván. Modeling the phased construction of a cable-stayed bridge with double cantilever [online]. Gómez Martínez, Roberto (tutor) [Type of thesis or work]. Academic institution, place, year. [Accessed: date]. Available at: URL

d) Standards.– Can also be considered technical reports.

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION. Identification code of the standard. Title [online]. Place: publisher, year. [Accessed: date]. Database Name. ISBN (if available). Available at: URL

AENOR. UNE-EN ISO 12571:2015. Hygrothermal performance of products and materials for buildings. Determination of hygroscopic sorption properties. [online]. Madrid: AENOR, 2015. [Accessed: July 18, 2017] AENOR plus. Available at: http://www.bugalicia.org/recursos/aenor/aenormas/

e) Software. – The software company's name is placed at the beginning or after Version.

COMPANY. Name [software]. Version (if available). Release or update date [accessed: date]. Available at: URL

APPLE COMPUTER, INC. Mac OS X Update 10.15 Intel [software]. October 7, 2019 [accessed: November 27, 2019]. Available at: http://www.apple.com

f) Website. - This can be the full site or part of the site.

Full:

Website Title (italicized) [online]. Editor, date [accessed: date] Available at: Resource URL

The Free Dictionary [online]. Farlex, 2003-2016 [accessed: February 26, 2016]. Available at: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/

Parts of a website or contributions to a website

LAST NAME(S), First Name. Contribution Title. In: Website Title (italicized) [online]. Editor, date (if no date, the expression "no date" can be used) [accessed: date]. Available at: Resource URL

GARCÉS, Marina. Philosophy: the free word. In: El País [online]. November 8, 2016 [accessed: November 9, 2016]. Available at: http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2016/11/07/babelia/1478532831_890146.html

For more information or questions, you can write to the email address revista_upse@upse.edu.ec or visit the CTU magazine website in the Contacts section.

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5. DÍEZ M., Bertha Ligia (2007). El resumen de un artículo científico. Qué es y qué no es. Investigación y Educación en Enfermería [online]. 25(1), 14-17.

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