<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-0129</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Politécnica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Politéc. (Quito)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-0129</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Politécnica Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-01292020000400059</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33333/rp.vol46n1.06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Microinversor Tipo Flyback con Control Nolineal para Aplicaciones Fotovoltaicas de Baja Potencia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Flyback Microinverter with Nonlinear Control for Low Power Photovoltaic Applications]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sotomayor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Politécnica Nacional Departamento de Automatización y Control Industrial ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>66</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-01292020000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-01292020000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-01292020000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta una solución sencilla para el diseño de un controlador de un conversor integrado al panel fotovoltaico basado en un inversor tipo Flyback de baja potencia con control no lineal de la corriente del primario con el propósito de controlar la potencia inyectada a la red eléctrica con factor de potencia unitario. La corriente de referencia es obtenida utilizando el algoritmo de Conductancia Incremental (IC) y en consecuencia obtener la potencia máxima del panel solar ante cualquier cambio de las condiciones atmosféricas. El controlador no-lineal es diseñado para trabajar en el modo de conducción discontinua (DCM) y de esta manera facilitar el diseño si se compara con la complejidad de diseño que presenta este tipo de conversores cuando funciona en el modo de conducción continua (CCM) debido a que la función de transferencia de la corriente del inversor tipo Flyback presenta un cero en el semiplano derecho (RHP). Adicionalmente, se desarrolla el análisis de estabilidad utilizando el método de Lyapunov para demostrar la estabilidad y delimitación de las señales del sistema en lazo cerrado. Los resultados de la simulación validan el funcionamiento y robustez del controlador.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This work presents a simple solution for the design of a controller of an integrated converter into the photovoltaic panel based on a low power Flyback type inverter with nonlinear control of the primary current to control the power injected into the grid with unit power factor. The reference current is obtained using the Incremental Conductance (IC) algorithm and consequently attain the maximum power of the solar panel regardless of the atmospheric conditions. The nonlinear controller is designed to work in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) facilitating the design when compared to the design complexity of this type of converters when operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) due to the current transfer function of the Flyback inverter has a right half-plane (RHP) zero. Additionally, the stability analysis is developed using the Lyapunov method to demonstrate the stability of the system and the boundedness of the closed-loop system signals. The simulation results validate the performance and robustness of the controller.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inversor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Flyback]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Celda Fotovoltaica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Control No lineal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inverter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Flyback]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Photovoltaic Cell]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nonlinear Control]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Robust Adaptive Integral Backstepping Control for MPPT and UPF of PV System Connected to the Grid.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 7th International Renewable Energy Congress]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Three-Phase Four-Wire Inverter Control Technique for a Single Distributed Generation Unit in Island Mode.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marwali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keyhani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>322-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El Iysaouy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bielskis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahbabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oumnad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impact of Flyback Transformer and Switch Parameters on Efficiency of Single Stage Photovoltaic Microinverter.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Open Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Information Sciences]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezinwanne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhongwen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhijun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Performance and Cost Comparison of MPPT Techniques for Photovoltaics and other Applications]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment Research]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>297-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dynamic Modeling and Control of Interleaved Flyback Module-Integrated Converter for PV Power Applications.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonkwe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khadkikar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>1377-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahmy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdel-Geliel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Power Quality Improvement of a Single-Phase Grid- Connected PV System with Fuzzy MPPT Controller.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1839-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grid-connected Insolated PV Microinverters: A Review.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mekhilef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seyedmahmoudian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>1065-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single Phase Transformerless Inverter Topologies for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System: A Review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Islam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mekhilef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>46</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Real Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Mismatching Compensation in PV Array Under Partially Shaded Conditions.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Won]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>1001-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kareim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efficiency improvement of the maximum power point tracking for PV systems using support vector machine technique]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 4th International Conference on Energy and Environment]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khalil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nonlinear Control]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Edinburgh, England ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pearson]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Discrete-Time Repetitive Control of Flyback CCM Inverter for PV Power Applications]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>976-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control Strategy of Flyback Microinverter with Hybrid Mode for PV AC Modules.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>995-1002</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Low Cost Flyback CCM Inverter for AC Module Application.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oruganti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>1295-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of Power Optimizer Potential to Increase Energy Capture in Photovoltaic Systems Operating Under Non-Uniform Conditions.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacAlpine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erickson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandemuehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>2936 - 2945</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Design and Comparative Analysis of CL, CLCL and Trap-CL filters for Current Source Inverters]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 12th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grid Connected Photovoltaic Generations Plants.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spagnuolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franquelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suntio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>6-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Optimal Control Method for Photovoltaic Grid-Tied-Interleaved Flyback Microinverters to Achieve High Efficiency in Wide Load Range.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<edition>11</edition>
<page-range>5074 - 5087</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
