<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-0129</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Politécnica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Politéc. (Quito)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-0129</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Politécnica Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-01292020000400039</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33333/rp.vol46n1.04</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dual Modification of Starch Via Gamma Irradiation and Subsequent Chemical Treatment with Urea for the Development of Adhesives]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Doble modificación de almidón, vía irradiación gamma y posterior tratamiento químico con urea, para el desarrollo de adhesivos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pamela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Samantha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vladimir]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisbeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Politécnica Nacional Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustrial ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-01292020000400039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-01292020000400039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-01292020000400039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This research evaluates achira starch modification via gamma radiation, chemical modification and the subsequent adhesives formulation. Native starch was irradiated using a linear accelerator; the mean dose rate used was 19.5 kGy/min at ambient temperature and normal pressure. The chemical modification of irradiated starch consisted of a hydrolysis process, followed by the obtention of carbamates from the hydrolyzed starch with urea, sulphuric acid and ethanol. In order to prepare adhesives; native, modified and dual-modified starches were tested in different proportions with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed all modified starches had a lower intensity in the band between 1100 and 900 cm-1 due to the damage in the glycosidic bonds. Only single modified starches evidenced a characteristic band at 1715 cm-1, which corresponds to the group carbonyl (C=O) of carbamates. The viscosity of native starch adhesives increased with the starch-PVA, unlike, single and dual-modified starch adhesives. The shear bond strength did not change significantly in the adhesives formulated either with starch modified by urea or electron beam irradiation. The combination of hydrolysis with gamma radiation caused strong damage in the starch structure. However, despite the molecular destruction of polysaccharide, the adhesion capacity for non-irradiated starches is similar in all cases.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Esta investigación evalúa la modificación de almidón de achira vía radiación gamma, y subsecuente modificación química para la formulación de adhesivos. El almidón nativo fue irradiado empleando un acelerador lineal con una tasa media de 19.5 kGy/min a temperatura ambiente y presión atmosférica. La modificación química de almidón irradiado consistió en un proceso de hidrólisis, seguido de la obtención de carbamatos a partir del almidón hidrolizado usando urea, ácido sulfúrico y etanol. Para la elaboración de adhesivos, se probó almidón nativo, almidón modificado y doblemente modificado en diferentes proporciones con una solución de polivinil alcohol (PVA). El análisis por Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformadas de Fourier (FTIR) mostró que los almidones modificados tuvieron una menor intensidad en la banda entre 1100 y 900 cm-1 debido al daño en los enlaces glucosídicos. Solo los almidones con modificación simple evidenciaron la banda característica a 1715 cm-1, correspondiente al grupo carbonilo (C=O) del carbamato. La viscosidad de los adhesivos de almidón nativo aumentó con la relación de almidón-PVA, al contrario de los adhesivos con almidón simple y doblemente modificado. Los resultados de la resistencia al cizallamiento indicaron que la modificación del almidón con urea o con irradiación no afectó significativamente esta propiedad. La combinación de hidrólisis con el ataque del haz de electrones causó un fuerte daño en la estructura del almidón. Sin embargo, la capacidad de adhesión de los almidones no irradiados es similar en todos los casos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adhesives]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[modification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[starch]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[irradiation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adhesivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[almidón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[irradiación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[urea]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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