2661-6513
2661-6513
S2661-65132025000100089
10.32719/25506641.2025.17.5
Ecuador
00
06
2025
00
06
2025
17
89
110
[
1998
]
[
1999
28
2
2
144-7
]
[
2013
45
9-19
]
[
2000
20
20
85-100
]
[
2020
]
[
CEPAL
2006
]
[
2019
5
5
97-120
]
[
2019
28
3
3
454-74
]
[
2012
29
6
6
672-92
]
[
1997
]
[
1994
4
227-41
]
[
1996
59
59
39-52
]
[
2010
1
2
2
226-33
]
[
2003
]
[
2007
14
3
3
252-63
]
[
2003
]
[
2008
]
[
2003
1-20
]
[
1996
12
12
1-9
]
[
2013
]
[
2005
42
11
11
1969-90
]
[
2020
28
3
3
434-53
]
[
2004
28
2
2
249-57
]
[
OCDE
2007
]
[
OCDE
2010
]
[
2008
8
112-7
]
[
1990
]
[
2011
89
1
1
62-77
]
[
2022
11
11
64-88
]
[
2020
]
[
2008
]
[
2011
]
[
1990
]
[
2015
25
5
5
471-81
]
[
2004
]
[
2005
42
11
11
1991-2006
]
[
1987
58
1
1
5-18
]
[
1993
16
1-2
1-2
101-6
]
[
2013
15
29
29
44-60
]
[
2016
45
9
9
1923-35
]
[
2007
11
11
183-210
]
[
2010
43
2-3
2-3
308-25
]