<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2602-8492</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Técnica energía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Técnica energía]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2602-8492</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Operador Nacional de Electricidad CENACE]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2602-84922024000100081</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37116/revistaenergia.v20.n2.2024.593</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estudio Comparativo de la Eficiencia de Colectores Solares de Placa Plana Rectangular y Triangular mediante el Método de Elementos Finitos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparative Study of the Efficiency of Rectangular and Triangular Flat Plate Solar Collectors through Finite Element Method]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simbaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quitiaquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabezas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quitiaquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,isimbana@tecnologicosucre.edu.ec  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,wquitiaquez@ups.edu.ec  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,ecabezasg@est.ups.edu.ec  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,rquitiaquez@ups.edu.ec  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>89</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2602-84922024000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2602-84922024000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2602-84922024000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En esta investigación, se comparó la eficiencia de un colector solar de placa plana con geometría triangular y cuadrada, a través del enfoque del método de elementos finitos (FEM, por sus siglas en inglés), se llevó a cabo la simulación. Las geometrías y los parámetros empleados en la simulación fueron extraídos de investigaciones previamente publicadas. Se utilizó el software SolidWorks para el modelado de los dos colectores, mientras que el módulo Fluent del software ANSYS fue utilizado para la simulación por el método FEM. Para los colectores se utilizó una tubería de 7 mm de diámetro interno, con un espesor de placa de 11 mm y de aluminio. Se consideró temperatura ambiente de 20 °C, con una radiación solar de 1000 W·m-2 y superficies de transferencia de calor 61 250 y 122 500 mm2 para el colector triangular y cuadrado, respectivamente. La calidad del mallado fue excelente, alcanzando skewness de 0.2486. De esta manera, luego del proceso de simulación se obtuvo eficiencias de 62 y 39 % y temperaturas máximas de 27 y 25.5 °C para el colector triangular y cuadrado, respectivamente. Debido a que las geometrías actúan como aletas, las temperaturas son más altas en las esquinas y por esto no es posible alcanzar mayor eficiencia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ Abstract: This investigation compared the efficiency of a flat-plate solar collector with triangular and square geometry, by using the finite element method (FEM). The design of the geometries and the utilized parameters for the simulation were obtained from previous publications. SolidWorks was used to model the two collectors, meanwhile, the Fluent module of the ANSYS software was used for the simulation by the FEM. Collectors integrated a pipe of 7 mm internal diameter with a plate thickness of 11 mm; the defined material was aluminum. The experiment was conducted under ambient conditions at a temperature of 20 °C, accompanied by a solar radiation intensity of 1000 W·m-2. The heat transfer surfaces employed were 61 250 mm2 for the triangular collector and 122 500 mm2 for the square collector. The quality of the mesh was excellent, obtaining a skewness of 0.2486, with which efficiencies of 62 and 39 % and maximum temperatures of 27 and 25.5 °C were obtained for the triangular and square collectors, respectively. Due to the geometries performing as fins, the temperatures are higher in the corners and, therefore, achieving higher efficiency is impossible.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colector solar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[placa plana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[FEM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Solar collector]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flat-plate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[efficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FEM]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global competition dynamics of fossil fuels and renewable energy under climate policies and peak oil: A behavioural model]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeppini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C. J. M. van den]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Policy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<page-range>110907</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelo de educación en energías renovables desde el compromiso público y la actitud energética]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballesteros-Ballesteros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>6</day>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>52</numero>
<issue>52</issue>
<page-range>27-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship of renewable energy consumption to stock market development and economic growth in Iran]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Razmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajgiran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. Ramezanian]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behname]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renew Energy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>145</volume>
<page-range>2019-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Induction Generator Characterization for a Medium and Low Wind-Power Generator]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho-Quintana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salamanca-Céspedes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingenieria]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>54</numero>
<issue>54</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of solar energy technologies in Africa-opportunities and challenges in meeting the 2030 agenda and sustainable development goals]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adenle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Policy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<page-range>111180</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelado y Simulación de un Sistema Conjunto de Energía Solar y Eólica para Analizar su Dependencia de la Red Eléctrica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armenta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>267-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Novel triangle flat plate solar thermal collector for facades integration]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moldovan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renew Energy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<page-range>252-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A numerical and experimental investigation for a triangular storage collector]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solar Energy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>171</volume>
<page-range>884-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CFD Analysis of a solar flat plate collector with different cross sections]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. X. Andrade]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarzosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Quitiaquez]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toapanta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Enfoque UTE]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>4</day>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>95-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance of evacuated flat plate solar thermal collectors]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henshall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eames]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thermal Science and Engineering Progress]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>296-306</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of riser-pipe cross section and plate geometry on the solar flat plate collector&#8217;s thermal efficiency under natural conditions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkhafaji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freegah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhamdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Engineering Research]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>7</day>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Novel low-cost parabolic trough solar collector with TPCT heat pipe and solar tracker: Performance and comparing with commercial flat-plate and evacuated tube solar collectors]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fathabadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solar Energy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>195</volume>
<page-range>210-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Heat transfer enhancement in a flat plate solar collector with different flow path shapes using nanofluid]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saffarian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moravej]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doranehgard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renew Energy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<page-range>2316-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulation study on the efficiency of thermochromic absorber coatings for solar thermal flat-plate collectors]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovannetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reineke-Koch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kastner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hafner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solar Energy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>188</volume>
<page-range>865-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative study on the performance of liquid flat-plate solar collector with a new V-corrugated absorber]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Convers Manag]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>184</volume>
<page-range>235-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis del rendimiento termodinámico de una bomba de calor asistida por energía solar utilizando un condensador con recirculación]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quitiaquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Técnica &#8220;energía,&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>1</day>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>111-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Selection of a Solar Collector to Increase the Temperature of the Water Supply to the Steam Generator at the University of Cienfuegos]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study of the flat plate solar collector&#8217;s efficiency for sustainable and renewable energy management in a building by a phase change material: Containing paraffin-wax/Graphene and Paraffin-wax/graphene oxide carbon-based fluids]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abu-Hamdeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khoshaim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzahrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatamleh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Building Engineering]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>-1</month>
<day>0</day>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>104804</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A detailed investigation of an evacuated flat plate solar collector]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tzivanidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Therm Eng]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<month>-1</month>
<day>1</day>
<volume>234</volume>
<page-range>121334</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelling of a flat-plate solar collector using artificial neural networks for different working fluid (water) flow rates]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navas-Gracia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Guimaraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chico-Santamarta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solar Energy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>188</volume>
<page-range>1320-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and experimental optimisation of a novel flat plate solar thermal collector with trapezoidal shape for facades integration]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Therm Eng]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<page-range>432-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of heat loss performance of flat plate solar collectors at different altitudes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solar Energy]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>9</day>
<volume>244</volume>
<page-range>490-506</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigation of convective heat transfer performance of TiN nanofluid charged U-pipe evacuated tube solar thermal collector]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deshmukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karmare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Therm Eng]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>5</day>
<volume>225</volume>
<page-range>120199</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal modelling of a flat plate solar collector with latent heat storage validated with experimental data in outdoor conditions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solar Energy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>1</day>
<volume>177</volume>
<page-range>620-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detailed modeling of large scale photovoltaic power plants under partial shading conditions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robles-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azuaje-Berbecí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancilla-David]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solar Energy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>-1</month>
<day>2</day>
<volume>194</volume>
<page-range>485-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development and performance evaluation of solar heating system for biogas production process]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elseesy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. M. Sayeed]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdelmohimen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Case Studies in Thermal Engineering]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>-1</month>
<day>1</day>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>102438</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenging of using CuO nanoparticles in a flat plate solar collector- Energy saving in a solar-assisted hot process stream]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mustafa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alqaed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalbasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>7</day>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>258-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigations on thermal efficiency of a prototype passive solar air collector with wavelike baffles]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solar Energy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>188</volume>
<page-range>495-506</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Numerical and experimental investigation of a compound parabolic concentrator-capillary tube solar collector]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Convers Manag]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>204</volume>
<page-range>112218</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Flat-Plate Solar Collector/Evaporator with Different Geometric Variations in the Cross Section]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quitiaquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estupiñán-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto-Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quitiaquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energies (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>5755</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación del rendimiento de una bomba de calor de expansión directa asistida por energía solar mediante simulación numérica del proceso de estrangulamiento en el dispositivo de expansión]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simbaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quitiaquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estupiñán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toapanta-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Técnica &#8220;energía,&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>7</day>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>110-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measurement of global and direct normal solar energy radiation in Seri Iskandar and comparison with other cities of Malaysia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Kayiem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aurybi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khlief]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Case Studies in Thermal Engineering]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>100591</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sobre la utilización de códigos de elementos finitos basados en mallados cartesianos en optimización estructural]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ródenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Orgaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Real]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martí-Pellicer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>155-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Independencia de malla en tubos torsionados para intercambio de calor: caso de estudio]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardila-Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hincapié-Zuluaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-del-Rïo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>1</day>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>124-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Him]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Manuel Rachel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Actividades inmobiliarias, empresariales y de alquiler, y su efecto en la economía de Panamá]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimising the thickness of the water layer in a triangle solar thermal collector]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moldovan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rusea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renew Energy]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>8</day>
<volume>173</volume>
<page-range>381-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigation of efficiency of square flat-plate solar collector using SiO2/water nanofluid]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noghrehabadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hajidavaloo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moravej]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Case Studies in Thermal Engineering]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<month>-0</month>
<day>9</day>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>378-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
