<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2528-7907</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista San Gregorio]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista San Gregorio]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2528-7907</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2528-79072025000200072</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36097/rsan.v1i62.3542</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Adaptación y validación del Cuestionario &#8220;Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule&#8221; (CFSS-DS) en población ecuatoriana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Adaptation and validation of the &#8220;Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule&#8221; (CFSS-DS) in the Ecuadorian population]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzano Murillo.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera Arias.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marina Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murillo Almache.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángela Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>62</numero>
<fpage>72</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2528-79072025000200072&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2528-79072025000200072&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2528-79072025000200072&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El miedo y la ansiedad hacia el odontólogo son desafíos que complican el manejo clínico, especialmente en niños, y pueden interferir con el éxito del tratamiento odontológico. El objetivo de este estudio es validar el cuestionario "Dental Subscale of the Children´s Fear Survey Schedule" (CFSS-DS) para niños ecuatorianos entre 5 a 12 años atendidos en la Clínica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Se desarrollóun estudio transversal observacional, que contó con 147 participantes. El cuestionario CFSS-DS, creado originalmente en inglés, fue traducido, adaptado y validado en el contexto ecuatoriano. El análisis se realizó con el software SPSS v.27; la consistencia interna se evaluó a través del Alfa de Cronbach (&#945; &gt; 0,75) y la estabilidad con el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (ICC = 0,95). La validez convergente y divergente se analizó mediante la correlación de Spearman (rs=0,57) y la escala de Frankl respectivamente. El cuestionario propuesto (CFSS-DS-EC) demostró excelentes propiedades psicométricas, y se comprobó que es una herramienta confiable y válida para medir la ansiedad dental en niños ecuatorianos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Fear and anxiety toward the dentist are challenges that complicate clinical management, especially in children, and can interfere with the success of dental treatment. The aim of this study is to validate the "Dental Subscale of the Children&#8217;s Fear Survey Schedule" (CFSS-DS) for Ecuadorian children between the ages of 5 and 12 who were treated at the clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Central University of Ecuador. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with 147 participants. The CFSS-DS questionnaire, originally developed in English, was translated, adapted, and validated within the Ecuadorian context. The analysis was performed using SPSS v.27 software; internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach&#8217;s alpha (&#945; &gt; 0.75), and stability was measured with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC = 0.95). Convergent and divergent validity were evaluated through Spearman&#8217;s correlation (rs = 0.57) and the Frankl scale, respectively. The proposed questionnaire (CFSS-DS-EC) demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and was confirmed to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring dental anxiety in Ecuadorian children.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis factorial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tratamiento odontológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[validación de encuestas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[odontología pediátrica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[psicometría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Factor analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dental treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[survey validation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatric dentistry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[psychometrics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arapostathis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coolidge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tofani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotsanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>374-379.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reliability and validity of Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) in children in Bosnia and Herzegovina.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajri&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koba&#353;lija]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juri&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>214-218.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbério]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Confiabilidade e validade do questionário Children&#8217;s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale para avaliação do medo e ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico em crianças]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade de São Paulo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buchanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-52.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Miedo al tratamiento odontológico en escolares mexicanos.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cázares de León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Estomatología]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-13.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validity of the Brazilian version of the Dental Subscale of Children&#8217;s Fear Survey Schedule]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cademartori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gastal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goettems]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>736-747.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A screening device: children at risk for dental fears and management problems.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuthbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>432-436.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment for the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Housseiny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pediatric Dentistry]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>40-46.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reliability and validity of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale for Arabic-speaking children: A cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Housseiny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Oral Health]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fogels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Dentistry for Children]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>150-163.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and risk factors of children's dental anxiety in China: A longitudinal study.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of children&#8217;s anxiety level in relation to a dental visit/treatment and their parents&#8217; dental fear.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jervøe-Storm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasztor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Storm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frentzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Medicine]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>6691</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring dental fear using the CFSS-DS. Do children and parents agree?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krikken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Wijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ten Cate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>94-100.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>110-116.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fear in relation to dentistry using the Dental Fear Scale.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manterola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Odontología]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>33-40.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reliability and validity of the Italian versions of the Children&#8217;s Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giuca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Federighi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>305-312.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fear and anxiety in children treated at the dental surgery of the University of Cartagena.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Odontológica Mexicana]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-14.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trans-adapted, reliability, and validity of children fear survey schedule-dental subscale in Bahasa Indonesia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-6.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
