<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2528-7907</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista San Gregorio]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista San Gregorio]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2528-7907</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2528-79072025000100008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36097/rsan.v1i61.3391</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diseño y validación de la escala de medición &#8220;dimensiones del trabajo forzado&#8221;]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Design and validation of the &#8220;dimensions of forced labour&#8221; measurement scale]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farias Montemayor.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>61</numero>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2528-79072025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2528-79072025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2528-79072025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El trabajo forzado es una grave forma de explotación laboral que afecta los derechos humanos y socioeconómicos fundamentales, caracterizada por prácticas de coacción, abuso y engaño. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar y validar una escala de medición que permita evaluar las dimensiones clave del trabajo forzado, basándose en los indicadores establecidos por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). La investigación incluyó una revisión exhaustiva de literatura, consultas con expertos en derecho laboral y la aplicación del instrumento a una muestra piloto de 150 personas, ampliada posteriormente a 300 participantes en Coahuila, México. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio identificaron 10 dimensiones principales, que explicaron el 68.5% de la varianza total. Estas dimensiones abarcan coerción explícita, condiciones laborales abusivas, restricción de movimiento, aislamiento, vulnerabilidades específicas, servidumbre económica, violencia interpersonal, y engaño. La escala demostró ser confiable, con un alfa de Cronbach inicial de 0.908 y final de 0.863. Este instrumento se presenta como una herramienta validada que facilita la identificación y análisis del trabajo forzado, contribuyendo a la identificación de las múltiples manifestaciones de este fenómeno global.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Forced labour is a serious form of labor exploitation that affects fundamental human and socioeconomic rights, characterized by practices of coercion, abuse and deception. This study aimed to design and validate a measurement scale that allows evaluating the key dimensions of forced labor, based on the indicators established by the International Labor Organization (ILO). The research included an exhaustive literature review, consultations with experts in labor law and the application of the instrument to a pilot sample of 150 people, later expanded to 300 participants in Coahuila, Mexico. The results of the exploratory factor analysis identified 10 main dimensions, which explained 68.5% of the total variance. These dimensions encompass explicit coercion, abusive working conditions, restriction of movement, isolation, specific vulnerabilities, economic servitude, interpersonal violence, and deception. The scale proved to be reliable, with an initial Cronbach's alpha of 0.908 and a final one of 0.863. This instrument is presented as a validated tool that facilitates the identification and analysis of forced labor, contributing to the identification of the multiple manifestations of this global phenomenon.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ambiente de trabajo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calidad de la vida laboral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[condiciones de empleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[condiciones de trabajo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trabajo forzoso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Conditions of employment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[forced labor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quality of working life]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[work environment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[working conditions]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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