<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2477-9245</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estado & comunes, revista de políticas y problemas públicos ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[E&c]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2477-9245</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales (IAEN)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2477-92452023000200079</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37228/estado_comunes.v2.n17.2023.327</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Propuesta metodológica para la medición del índice de democracia electoral plebiscitaria basada en el proyecto Varieties of Democracy]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Methodological proposal for the measurement of the plebiscitary electoral democracy index based on the Varieties of Democracy Project]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Encalada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Marcela Paredes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Estudiante del doctorado en Estado de Derecho y Gobernanza Global en la Escuela de Doctorado &#8220;Studii Salamantini&#8221; de la Universidad de Salamanca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<fpage>79</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2477-92452023000200079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2477-92452023000200079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2477-92452023000200079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo propone que el índice de componentes participativos de la democracia directa se incluya en la medición de democracia electoral plebiscitaria del proyecto Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), el cual asigna el índice de poliarquía aditiva a la mitad de la medición, en tanto que la otra mitad a cinco índices: elecciones limpias, libertad de expresión, asociación, poliarquía multiplicativa y porcentaje de población con sufragio. En tal sentido, se propone el concepto, los atributos y componentes de un sexto elemento: el índice de componentes participativos. Se sostiene que incluir evaluaciones de ejercicios de democracia directa (plebiscito, consulta popular) permitirían que la democracia electoral se revalorice. Sobre la consideración de que la variable elecciones es la piedra angular de cualquier democracia representativa, esta propuesta brindaría una metodología fiable, neutral e imparcial.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper proposes that the index of participatory components of direct democracy be included in the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project to measure plebiscitary electoral democracy. In the V-Dem project, half of the measurement correspond to the additive polyarchy index and the other half to five indices: fair elections, freedom of expression, association, multiplicative polyarchy and percentage of the population with suffrage. This study proposes the concept, attributes, and components of a sixth element: the index of participatory components. Arguably, including assessments of direct democracy exercises (plebiscite, referendum) would allow electoral democracy to be revalued. Considering that the elections variable is the cornerstone of any representative democracy, this proposal could provide a reliable, neutral, and impartial methodology.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de democracia electoral plebiscitaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Varieties of Democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia representativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de componentes participativos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[index of plebiscite electoral democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Varieties of Democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[representative democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[index of participatory components]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[participatory components index]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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