<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2477-8850</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Siembra ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Siembra]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2477-8850</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Central del Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2477-88502026000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29166/siembra.v13i1.7975</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. sobre Sclerotium sp. y Fusarium sp. evaluadas in vitro]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In vitro effect of native Trichoderma spp. strains on Sclerotium sp. and Fusarium sp.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Noel Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Markelyn José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blandon Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Ulises]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morán Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Agraria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Agraria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Agraria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Agraria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2477-88502026000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2477-88502026000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2477-88502026000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La búsqueda de alternativas de control biológico sobre organismos plaga es cada vez más constante. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la eficiencia de control biológico de seis cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. aisladas de diferentes ecosistemas contra Sclerotium sp. y Fusarium sp. Se aislaron cepas de Trichoderma spp. provenientes de Persea americana, Coffea arabica, Passiflora edulis, Mangifera indica, Saccharum officinarum, Citrus spp. y dos patógenos Sclerotium sp. y Fusarium sp. extraídos de Solanum lycopersicum; fueron colocados en medios PDA, incubados a 27 °C. Los hongos se identificaron empleando claves taxonómicas. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con seis tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Se cuantificó el crecimiento radial, antagonismo y antibiosis de Trichoderma sp. sobre los patógenos; se empleó análisis de varianza y separación de medias de Tukey (0.05). Se encontró que la cepa nativa de Trichoderma spp. (TCHN-22) mostró el mayor crecimiento radial, no obstante, las cepas TIAN-21, TBLN-21 y TCRN-20, inhibieron el crecimiento de Sclerotium sp.; en cambio, las cepas TCHN-22 y TCPN-22 controlaron mejor a Fusarium sp. En el grado de antagonismo sobresale la cepa TIAN-21 y TCSN-22; al analizar la antibiosis destacan las cepas TCPN-22 y TBLN-21, lo cual indica que las cepas nativas representan una alternativa para ser empleadas en el control biológico de ambos patógenos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The search for biological control alternatives against plant pathogens has increased in recent years. This study aimed to determine the biological control efficiency of six native strains of Trichoderma spp. isolated from different ecosystems, against Sclerotium sp. and Fusarium sp. Strains of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from Persea americana, Coffea arabica, Passiflora edulis, Mangifera indica, Saccharum officinarum, Citrus spp., while two pathogens Sclerotium sp. and Fusarium sp., were extracted from Solanum lycopersicum. The isolates were cultured on PDA medium and incubated at 27 °C. Fungal identification was performed using taxonomic keys. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replications, where the radial growth, antagonism and antibiosis of Trichoderma spp. on pathogens were quantified. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey&#8217;s mean separation test (p &lt; 0.05). The results showed that the native Trichoderma spp. strain (TCHN-22) exhibited the highest radial growth. However, strains TIAN-21, TBLN-21 and TCRN-20 were found to inhibit the growth of Sclerotium sp., while strains TCHN-22 and TCPN-22 exhibited enhanced control of Fusarium sp. Regarding antagonistic activity, strains TIAN-21 and TCSN-22 showed higher levels, whereas the strains TCPN-22 and TBLN-21 stood out in terms of antibiosis. These findings suggest that native strains represent a viable alternative for biological control of both pathogens.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aislados nativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antagonismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibiosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento radial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control biológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antagonism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[native isolates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radial growth]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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