<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-8634</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universitas-XXI, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universitas]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-8634</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Politécnica Salesiana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-86342024000200205</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17163/uni.n41.2024.08</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Emociones y liderazgos políticos en las elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía de 2022 en X]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Emotions and political leadership in the 2022 Andalusian Parliament elections in X]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarauza-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez-Muros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pablo de Olavide  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sevilla  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>41</numero>
<fpage>205</fpage>
<lpage>225</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-86342024000200205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-86342024000200205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-86342024000200205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las redes sociales se han convertido en los últimos años en elementos esenciales a la hora de construir los discursos políticos, especialmente en periodos electorales. Los partidos políticos desarrollan estrategias específicas para comunicarse con sus electores a través de estas plataformas, basadas en el liderazgo y el uso de las emociones. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias comunicativas desplegadas por los líderes políticos en X durante la campaña de las elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía en 2022 y para ello se aplica una metodología de análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo sobre una muestra de 690 tuits en las cuentas personales de los candidatos de los seis partidos con representación parlamentaria. Un avance de los resultados apunta a una planificación comunicativa previamente diseñada, que construye un discurso basado en líneas temáticas, estrategias, enfoques y, especialmente, sentimientos según el eje ideológico, programático y movilizador establecido por cada formación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Social networks have become in recent years as essential elements in order to building political discourses, especially in electoral periods. Political parties develop specific strategies to communicating with their constituents through these platforms, based on leadership and the use of emotions. This research aims to analyze the communication strategies deployed by political leaders on X during the Andalusian Parliament election campaign in 2022, and for this purpose, a quantitative and qualitative content analysis methodology is applied to a sample of 690 tweets in the personal accounts of the candidates of the six parties with parliamentary representation. An advance of the results points to a communicative planning previously designed, that builds a discourse based on thematic lines, strategies, approaches and, especially, feelings according to the ideological, programmatic and mobilizing axis established by each political formation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Comunicación política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elecciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[liderazgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emociones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[campañas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Andalucía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[X]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Political communication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leadership]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emotions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[campaigns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andalusia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[X]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strategy and game framing]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aalberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Vreese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strömbäck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparing Political Journalism]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>33-49</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agenda building. Revisión de la literatura sobre el proceso de construcción de la agenda mediática.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aruguete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Signo Y Pensamiento]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>70</numero>
<issue>70</issue>
<page-range>36-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las redes sociales en la comunicación política: ¿comunicación unidireccional o conversacional?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarullo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contratexto]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>97-111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los efectos sobre el voto de la campaña electoral en las elecciones europeas de 2014 en España.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>67-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una genealogía de la historia de las emociones]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjerg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quinto sol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-20.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twitter to manage emotions in political marketing]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Monge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Promotion Management]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>359-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twitter y la comunicación política]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Profesional de la Información]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>785-785.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Network Theory of Power]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>773-787.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medios de comunicación, información política y emociones hacia partidos políticos en España.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cazorla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montabes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>83-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andaluces]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Preelectoral. Elecciones Autonómicas 2022]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Junta de Andalucía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta preelectoral elecciones autonómicas 2022. Comunidad autónoma de Andalucía.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Falling into the Echo Chamber: The italian vaccination debate on Twitter.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cossard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Francisci Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalimeri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paolotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Starnini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>130-140.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medios sociales y democratización de la comunicación: del potencial emergente a los riesgos del presente.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Garza Montemayor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracias]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>183-211</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polarización y discurso emocional de la agenda política en redes sociales: desintermediación y engagement en campaña electoral.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diez-Gracia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[y Martín-Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista ICONO 14. Revista Científica de Comunicación Y Tecnologías Emergentes]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polarización política y retórica de las emociones en la transición presidencial de Estados Unidos. Estudio comparado de Trump y Biden en Twitter e impacto postelectoral en la ciudadanía.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez-Muros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Curiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinojosa-Becerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Profesional de la Información]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>50-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring emotional contagion in Social Media]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS ONE]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vox como representante de la derecha radical en Espan&#771;a: un estudio sobre su ideologi&#769;a.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Espan&#771;ola de Ciencia Poli&#769;tica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>73-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flowerdew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Beaudoux.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Adamo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slavinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación política y campañas electorales. Estrategias en elecciones presidenciales]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gestión de la campaña de las elecciones generales de 2016 en las cuentas de Twitter de los candidatos: entre la autorreferencialidad y la hibridación mediática.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zugasti Azagra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Profesional de la Información]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1215-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Far right parties in Europe]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Annual review of political science]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>477-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emotional campaigning in politics: being moved and anger in political ads motivate to support candidate and party.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grüning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schubert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Psychology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economía, política social y Twitter: análisis de las emociones negativas en cuatro elecciones presidenciales latinoamericanas a través del LIWC. RISTI]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaráiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastos-Boubeta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>270-282.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de emociones originadas por las publicaciones en Twitter de los candidatos a las elecciones generales de Bolivia y España en 2019]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaráiz-Gulías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>b</month>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>371-388.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Styles of social media campaigning and influence in a hybrid political communication system: Linking candidate survey data with Twitter data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karlsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enjolras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The International Journal of Press/Politics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>338-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krippendorff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Content analysis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New public segmentation for political public relations using political fandom: Understanding relationships between individual politicians and fans.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Public Relations Review]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La percepción de los debates como factor de decisión en el comportamiento electoral en las Elecciones Generales de abril de 2019.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagares Diez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaráiz Gulías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latina de Comunicación Social]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>76</numero>
<issue>76</issue>
<page-range>39-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El guion roto de los dos años del gobierno del cambio]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Pavón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Mundo]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media mining, debate and feelings: digital public opinion&#8217;s reaction in five presidential elections in Latin America.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oñate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[y Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cluster Comput]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>1875-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Generation Z in Chile, Colombia, México, and Panama: Interests and new digital consumption habits. Their use of Instagram and TikTok.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Estrella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.-C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samacá-Salamanca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cifuentes-Ambra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Profesional de la Información]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Personalization, gender, and social media: gubernatorial candidates&#8217; social media strategies.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGregor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>264-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis del comportamiento electoral: De la elección racional a la teoría de redes.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montecinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La negatividad digital como estrategia de campaña en las elecciones de la Comunidad de Madrid de 2021 en Twitter.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moret-Soler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casero-Ripollés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prisma Social]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>39</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction to social media, activism, and organizations.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Media + Society]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fragmentación y polarización parlamentarias en las Cortes Generales españolas (2015-2019).]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Políticos]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>196</volume>
<page-range>159-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trend towards extreme right-wing populism on Twitter. An analysis of the influence on leaders, media and users.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Curiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>175-192.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Indicadores de influencia de los políticos españoles en Twitter. Un análisis en el marco de las elecciones en Cataluña.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Curiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Gordillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1133-1144.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political influencers. A study of Donald Trump&#8217;s personal brand on Twitter and its impact on the media and users.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Curiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limón-Naharro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-75.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facing Conspiracies: Biden&#8217;s Counter-Speech to Trumpist Messages in the Framework of the 2020 US Elections.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Curiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas-de-Roca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Societies]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exposición selectiva y sus efectos en el comportamiento electoral de los ciudadanos: la influencia del consumo mediático en el voto en las elecciones generales españolas de 2015 y 2016.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Dueñas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinuesa-Tejero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Palabra Clave]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comunicación política en la época de las redes sociales: lo viejo y lo nuevo, y más allá]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rúas Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casero-Ripollés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[adComunica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>21-24.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internet and emotions: New trends in an emerging field of research.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Puche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicar]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>19-26.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Qualitative Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media and political communication: a social media analytics framework.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stieglitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dang-Xuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social network analysis and mining]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>1277-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Redes deseantes. Tendencias político-emocionales en redes sociales. Sociología y tecnociencia:]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Nabel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista digital de sociología del sistema tecnocientífico]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>37-47.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaccari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stukal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nyhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social media, political polarization, and political disinformation: A review of the scientific literature.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imagen y comunicación política en Instagram. Celebrificación de los candidatos a la presidencia del Gobierno.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quevedo-Redondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portalés-Oliva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Profesional de la Información]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>916-927.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical discourse studies. A sociocognitive Approach.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van-Dijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Methods of Critical Discourse Studies]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>63-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La imagen del político como estrategia electoral: el caso de Albert Rivera en Instagram.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verón Lassa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallarés Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mediatika. Cuadernos de Medios de Comunicación]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trump vs los medios. Tratamiento de la prensa desde la cuenta de Twitter del presidente de EUA.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Profesional de la Información]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>975-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La interacción política en Twitter: el caso de @ppopular y @ahorapodemos durante la campaña para las Elecciones Europeas de 2014.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zugasti Azagra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ámbitos. Revista internacional de comunicación]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>1-14.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
