<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-8596</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[LA GRANJA. Revista de Ciencias de la Vida ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[La Granja]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-8596</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Politécnica Salesiana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-85962026000100150</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17163/lgr.n43.2026.08</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos del plomo y cromo en la germinación y arquitectura de raíz de plántulas de Typha latifolia (Typhaceae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of lead and chromium on germination and root architecture of Typha latifolia (Typhaceae) seedlings]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oquendo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renato]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Loiret]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pabón-Garcés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Galo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez-Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica del Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ibarra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica del Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ibarra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica del Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ibarra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica del Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ibarra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>150</fpage>
<lpage>165</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-85962026000100150&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-85962026000100150&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-85962026000100150&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente trabajo evalúa el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de plomo y cromo sobre la arquitectura de raíz y porcentaje de germinación de Typha latifolia. Para ello, se recolectaron semillas viables de dos sitios en la Laguna de Yahuarcocha (Ibarra-Ecuador). Con relación al porcentaje de germinación se trataron las semillas con procesos pregerminativos; posteriormente fueron expuestas a concentraciones de 50, 100 y 200 ppm de plomo y 10, 20, 40 ppm de cromo. Para el análisis de la arquitectura de la raíz se cultivaron plántulas de T. latifolia por cuatro semanas en solución Hoagland al 50 %, luego fueron trasladadas a rizotrones en los que se añadieron los metales pesados en concentraciones similares al ensayo de germinación. Las plántulas se mantuvieron en dichas condiciones por 15 días en los que se registraron variables como el número de raíces, área total, y longitud total. Se realizaron registros fotográficos de los parámetros en estudio y fueron analizados en el programa ImageJ y su extensión SmartRoot. En el porcentaje de germinación se encontró que los dos metales afectan al proceso de germinación, especialmente el cromo, con el que se obtuvo porcentajes de germinación menores al 15 % y con plomo con un 25 %. Con respecto a la arquitectura de raíz el número de raíces y la longitud total no varió entre el control y los tratamientos con metales. Sin embargo, el tratamiento referente al área total de la raíz tratada con cromo presentó diferencias significativas con respecto al control.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This research evaluates the effect of different concentrations of lead and chromium on root architecture and germination percentage of Typha latifolia. Seeds of Typha latifolia were collected from Yahuarcocha Lagoon (Ibarra-Ecuador). Pre-germinative treatments and exposure to lead concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 ppm, as well as 10, 20, and 40 ppm of chromium concentrations were applied to the seeds to measure the germination percentage. Regarding root architecture analysis, T. latifolia seedlings were grown for four weeks in 50 % Hoagland solution and then transferred to rhizotrons, where the heavy metals were added to concentrations like the germination test. The seedlings were kept in these conditions for 15 days and variables such as number of roots, total area, and total length were recorded. Photographic records of the parameters under study were taken and analyzed in Image J and its SmartRoot extension. It was found that both heavy metals affected (significantly) the germination process, especially chromium. Germination percentages lower than 15 % and 25 % for lead were also obtained. Concerning root architecture, the number of roots and total length from heavy metal treatments were not significantly different from control. However, the total area treatment with chromium showed significant differences with respect to the control.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fisiología vegetal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metales pesados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plantas acuáticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rizotrón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Yahuarcocha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Typha latifolia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Plant physiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heavy metals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aquatic plants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rhizotron]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Yahuarcocha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Typha latifolia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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