<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-7794</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ius Humani. Revista de Derecho]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ius Humani]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-7794</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Hemisferios]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-77942019000100099</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31207/ih.v8i0.217</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La libertad religiosa en Estados Unidos: Una perspectiva internacional]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[American Religious Liberty: An International Perspective]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Witte, Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Emory  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Atlanta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>122</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-77942019000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-77942019000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-77942019000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo compara la jurisprudencia estadounidense sobre libertad religiosa con los tratados vigentes de derechos humanos. Después de seleccionar las principales normas internacionales de libertad religiosa, se evalúa cómo la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema norteamericana las sigue. La parte I identifica seis principios sobre libertad religiosa, definidos por los redactores estadounidenses que elaboraron la Primera Enmienda en 1791: la libertad de conciencia, el libre ejercicio de la religión, el pluralismo religioso, la igualdad religiosa, la separación entre iglesia y estado, y el no establecimiento de una religión oficial. La parte II resume las normas de libertad religiosa -en su mayoría paralelas- en el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos de 1966, la Declaración de la ONU de 1981 sobre la no discriminación por credo y el documento final de Viena de 1989. La parte III muestra cómo la jurisprudencia norteamericana sobre la materia se compagina bastante bien con los estándares internacionales, aunque subsistan conflictos con algunas minorías religiosas. Varias sentencias que defienden el principio de separación iglesia-Estado encajan bien con las preocupaciones internacionales por la autonomía religiosa. Otros, sin embargo, han ido más allá de lo normado internacionalmente, pues expulsan la religión de las escuelas públicas y eliminan la ayuda estatal a los grupos y servicios religiosos. Se concluye que la libertad religiosa sigue siendo un valor constitucional nuclear en la legislación y en la cultura estadounidenses, aunque aún deba integrarse mejor en el sistema; las normas internacionales de libertad ofrecen lecciones valiosas para ese fin.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This Article compares United States religious freedom jurisprudence with prevailing international human rights norms. I distill these international religious freedom norms and evaluate how selected US Supreme Court cases both follow and depart from these norms. Part I identifies six principles of religious freedom defended by the American framers who crafted the First Amendment in 1791: liberty of conscience; free exercise of religion; religious pluralism; religious equality; separation of church and state; and no establishment of religion. Part II summarizes the mostly parallel norms of religious freedom in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the 1981 UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, and the 1989 Vienna Concluding Document. Part III shows how the US Court&#8217;s cases on freedom of conscience, free exercise, and religious equality compare favorably to international standards, although some religious minorities have often not fared well. Some of the Court&#8217;s cases defending the principle of separation of church and state mesh well with international concerns for religious autonomy. But the Court&#8217;s establishment clause cases have gone well beyond international norms in expunging religion from public schools and removing state aid for religious groups and services. The Article concludes that religious freedom remains a strong constitutional value in American law and culture, but it needs to be better integrated; international religious freedom norms offer valuable lessons to that end.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Libertad religiosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Primera Enmienda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derechos humanos internacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[libertad de conciencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Religious Liberty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[First Amendment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[International Human Rights]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[United States Supreme Court]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Freedom of Conscience]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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