<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-6542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Enfoque UTE]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Enfoque UTE]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-6542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad UTE]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-65422020000300102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29019/enfoque.v11n3.631</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Manufacture material characteristic analysis of original and alternative auto parts. Case Study: Brake Disc]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de las características del material de fabricación de autopartes originales y alternos. Caso de estudio: Disco de freno]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antamba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azanza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vladimir]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gorky]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remache]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Soraya]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>102</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-65422020000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-65422020000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-65422020000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract All powered vehicles have a braking system adopted according to the type of vehicle and work for which they are designed. In Ecuador, there is a great variety of auto parts that are proposed as alternative replacement, varying in cost and quality. This research aims to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of the brake disc material between original and alternate auto parts. This research analyzes three brake disc samples (A, B, C) from different manufacturing sources, using the ASTM E415-08 spectrometry test and the metallography test under the ASTM A247-16A standard. The spectrometry detects 15 elements in each sample, the carbon equivalent of sample A is 18% and 20% higher in relation to sample B and C, which significantly influences the microstructure. The metallographic tests indicate a pearlitic matrix in each sample, however, there is a different distribution and size of the graphite flakes. According to the SAE J431 standard, each auto part meets the material conditions for the brake disc function.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Todos los vehículos propulsados cuentan con un sistema de frenado adoptado según el tipo de vehículo y trabajo para el que están diseñados. En Ecuador existe una gran variedad de autopartes que se proponen como repuesto alternativo, que varían en costo y calidad. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar cuantitativamente las características del material de discos de freno entre autopartes originales y alternas. El estudio analiza tres muestras de disco de frenos (A, B, C), de diferente procedencia de fabricación, utilizando la prueba de espectrometría ASTM E415-08 y la prueba de metalografía, bajo la normativa ASTM A247-16A. La espectrometría detecta 15 elementos en cada muestra. El carbono equivalente de la muestra A es superior en un 18 % y 20 % en relación a la muestra B y C, lo cual influye significativamente en la microestructura. Los ensayos metalográficos, indican en cada muestra una matriz perlítica; sin embargo, existe una diferente distribución y tamaño de las hojuelas de grafito. Según la norma SAE J431, cada autoparte cumple con las condiciones de material para la función de disco de freno.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SAE J431]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[perlitic matrix]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbon equivalent]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[auto parts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SAE J431]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[matriz perlítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carbono equivalente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autoparte]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Askeland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia e ingeniería de materiales. México: Cengage.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belhocine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouchetara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thermal Behavior of Full and Ventilated Disc Brakes of Vehicles. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 26(11): 3643&#8211;3652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0840-6]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bosch]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de la técnica del automóvil. Alemania.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañibano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Amo,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño de discos de freno desde un punto de vista multidisciplinar]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chérrez-Troya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Métodos multicriterio aplicados en la selección de un material para discos de freno. Ingenius]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hwang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigation of Temperature and Thermal Stress in Ventilated Disc Brake Based on 3d Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Model]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Consideraciones para el diseño de un sistema diagnóstico de frenos de disco en un vehículo particular.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinueza Lozada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Analysis by the finite element method of the behavior of the ABS brake pads with materials based on steel and zinc discretizing the continuous element using CAE software.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kharate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaudhari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Effect of material properties on disc brake squeal and performance using FEM and EMA approach. Materials Today]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lascano Piedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lascano Piedra, D. A. (2017). Análisis de los discos de freno de un Chevrolet Aveo cuando está sometido a diversas temperaturas para determinar el cambio de propiedades del mismo (Bachelor's thesis).]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maleque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[aterial selection method in design of automotive brake disc. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2010 Vol III, 06]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Analysis of the mechanical properties of the composite of polyester matrix reinforced with glass fiber 375 and cabuya applied to the automotive industry. Enfoque UTE]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio de la influencia de la morfología grafítica sobre las propiedades mecánicas de los discos de freno automotrices de hierro gris hipereutecticos.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño y fabricación de hierros grises hipereutécticos de baja aleación para discos de freno.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<given-names><![CDATA[SAE Internacional]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SAE J431: Automotive Gray Iron Castings.USA.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<given-names><![CDATA[SENAE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Servicio Nacional de Aduana del Ecuador. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/X4Jk9k]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuckart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio de falla prematura de disco de freno.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
