<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-6542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Enfoque UTE]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Enfoque UTE]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-6542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad UTE]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-65422015000100001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29019/enfoqueute.v6n1.50</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Biocoagulación de aguas residuales de industria textilera mediante extractos de Caesalpinia spinosa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Textile wastewater biocoagulation by Caesalpinia spinosa extracts]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Revelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banchón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Américas Ingeniería Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Américas Ing. Agroindustrial ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Américas Ingeniería Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-65422015000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-65422015000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-65422015000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La industria textil en Ecuador es todavía motivo de preocupación debido a la inadecuada disposición de sus residuos en los suministros locales de agua. La presente investigación fue llevada a cabo en Pelileo (Tungurahua - Ecuador) donde el agua residual de textileras son descargadas a los cuerpos de agua. Una solución ambientalmente amigable para tratar aguas residuales de textileras con alta carga orgánica es aquí evaluada: un proceso de remediación de biocoagulación fue realizado utilizando extractos de la planta Caesalpinia spinosa conocida como guarango o tara. Se determinó que utilizando extractos de C. spinosa para tratar agua residual tiene el mismo efecto estadístico que aplicando un coagulante químico (policloruro de aluminio 15%). Zeolita activada adsorbió el color residual del agua tratada para obtener una remoción de turbidez más del 90%. Un modelo matemático mostró que la remoción de turbidez entre 50-90% puede obtenerse aplicando 25-45 g/L de extractos de guarango y zeolita por cada 700 mL de agua residual de textileras. La coagulación natural utilizando extractos de C. spinosa produjo 85% menos lodo que el policloruro de aluminio, y removió altos contenidos de materia orgánica en el agua residual (1050 mg/L) en un 52%.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The textile industry in Ecuador is still a matter of concern because of the inappropriate disposal of their effluents into the local water supply. The present research was carried out in Pelileo (Tungurahua-Ecuador) where textile wastewaters are discharged into waterways. An environmentally friendly solution to treat highly contaminated organic textile wastewaters is herein evaluated: a remediation process of biocoagulation was performed using extracts from the Caesalpinia spinosa plant also known as guarango or tara. It was determined that using C. spinosa extracts to treat wastewater has the same statistical effect as when applying a chemical coagulant (polyaluminum chloride 15%). Activated zeolite adsorbed color residuals from treated water to obtain turbidity removal more than 90%. A mathematical model showed that turbidity removal between 50-90% can be obtained by applying 25-45 g/L of guarango extracts and zeolite per 700 mL of textile wastewater. The natural coagulation using C. spinosa extracts produced 85% less sludge than polyaluminum chloride, and removed high organic matter content in the wastewater (1050 mg/L) by 52%.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coagulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[floculación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tara]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tanino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[turbidez.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coagulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flocculation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tara]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tannin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[turbidity.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coagulation and Antimicrobial Activities of Moringa oleifera Seed Storage at 3° C Temperature in Turbid Water]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anyim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Advances in Applied Science Research]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>887-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reduction of Turbidity of Water Using Locally Available Natural Coagulants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asrafuzzaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fakhruddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ISRN Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caesalpinia Spinosa Tannin Derivatives for Antifouling Formulations]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Amo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romagnoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Materials Science]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>259-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Textile wastewater purification through natural coagulants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Heredia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Water Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>25-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antioxidant potential of hydrolyzed polyphenolic extracts from tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) pods]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chambi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chirinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedreschi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betalleluz-Pallardel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Debaste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial Crops and Products]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>168-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corcoran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nellemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sick water?: the central role of wastewater management in sustainable development : a rapid response assessment]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Arendal, Norway ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNEP/GRID-Arendal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>El Telégrafo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El Parque Industrial de Pelileo proyecta 58 hectáreas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Municipalidad de Pelileo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan estratégico de desarrollo de la parroquia García Moreno (Reporte)]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Using Natural Coagulants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kazi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Virupakshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Development]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Tara (Caesapinia spinosa) en Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador: Análisis de la cadena productiva en la región]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial ECOBONA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Moringa oleifera (Drumstick) seed as natural absorbent and an antimicrobial agent for ground water treatment]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangale Sapana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chonde Sonal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research Journal of Recent Sciences]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>2277</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidrovo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La cadena agro - productiva de guarango, (Caespinia spinosa kuntze), elementos que resaltan su competitividad]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SENESCYT]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Feasibility Study of Moringa oleifera as a Natural Coagulant for the Treatment of Dairy Wastewater]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Engineering Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>200-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[R: A language and environment for statistical computing]]></article-title>
<collab>R Core Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[R Foundation for Statistical Computing]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Austria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Response-Surface Methods in R, Using rsm]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimization of tannin rigid foam as adsorbents for wastewater treatment]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Heredia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Regaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio-Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial Crops and Products]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>507-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adsorbent biopolymers from tannin extracts for water treatment]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Heredia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibello-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Engineering Journal]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>168</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1241-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caesalpinia spinosa and Castanea sativa tannins: A new source of biopolymers with adsorbent capacity. Preliminary assessment on cationic dye removal]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Heredia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gragera-Carvajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial Crops and Products]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1238-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UNWATER</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Water pollution. The United Nations Inter-Agency Mechanism on All Freshwater Related Issues, including Sanitation]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of Moringa oleifera seed extract and poly aluminium chloride in water treatment]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yarahmadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossieni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmoudian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naimabadie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahsavani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World Appl Sci J]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>962-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biocoagulants for Water and Waste Water Purification: a Review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yongabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Review of Chemical Engineering-Rapid Communications]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>444-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraction and analysis of condensed tannins in Castanea sativa mill]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#381;ivkovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muji&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikoli&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muji&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Central European Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>283</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
