<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992025000200064</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.42.2025.6447</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El mantenimiento de la paz como laboratorio socio-político: casos Timor-Leste y Haití]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Peacekeeping as a socio-political laboratory: the cases of Timor-Leste and Haiti]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A manutenção da paz como um laboratório sociopolítico: casos do Timor-Leste e do Haiti.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo-Anduaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joel-Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis-Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>42</numero>
<fpage>64</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992025000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992025000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992025000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  la instrumentación de la paz, a través del sistema institucional internacional constituido al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial, se hizo visible mayoritariamente gracias a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, institución encargada de garantizar la paz y la seguridad a nivel mundial. Objetivo: proponer una estructuración de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz como laboratorios socio-políticos, con base a los casos de Haití y Timor-Leste. Metodología: se emplea un enfoque cualitativo sustentado en la revisión documental de fuentes primarias y secundarias en el marco de los estudios de paz y conflictos, específicamente en lo que a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz se refiere. Conclusiones: los hallazgos sugieren un agotamiento en la instrumentación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz en su forma actual. Existe una tendencia hacia la creación de un mayor número de misiones políticas especiales o figuras similares que gestionen los conflictos, pues conllevan despliegues más limitados. Se propone que esas nuevas misiones se estructuren también como laboratorios socio-políticos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: the implementation of peace through the international institutional system set up at the end of the Second World War became visible mainly through the peacekeeping operations of the United Nations (UN), the institution responsible for guaranteeing peace and security at global level. Objective: Propose a structuring of peacekeeping operations as socio-political laboratories, based on the cases of Haiti and Timor-Leste. Methodology: a qualitative approach is used, based on a documentary review of primary and secondary sources in the context of peace and conflict studies, particularly in relation to peacekeeping operations. Conclusions: the findings suggest an exhaustion in the implementation of peacekeeping operations in their current form. There is a trend towards the creation of more Special Political Missions or similar figures for conflict management, as they involve more limited deployments. It is suggested that these new missions should also be structured as socio-political laboratories.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução : a instrumentalização da paz, por meio do sistema institucional internacional constituído no final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, tornou-se visível principalmente graças às operações de manutenção da paz da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), instituição encarregada de garantir a paz e a segurança em nível global. Objetivo: propor uma estruturação das operações de manutenção da paz como laboratórios sociopolíticos, com base nos casos do Haiti e do Timor-Leste. Metodologia: é utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, com base em uma revisão documental de fontes primárias e secundárias no âmbito dos estudos sobre paz e conflito, especificamente no que se refere às operações de manutenção da paz. Conclusões: os resultados sugerem um esgotamento na implementação das operações de manutenção da paz em sua forma atual. Há uma tendência para a criação de mais Missões Políticas Especiais ou figuras semelhantes para gerenciar conflitos, já que elas implicam implantações mais limitadas. Propõe-se que essas novas missões também sejam estruturadas como laboratórios sociopolíticos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[geopolítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[laboratorio socio-político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Haití]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mantenimiento de la paz]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[paz]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Timor-Leste]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geopolitics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Haiti]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[socio-political laboratory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Peace]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[peacekeeping]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Timor-Leste]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[geopolítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Haiti]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[laboratório socio-político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[manutenção da paz]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[paz]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Timor-Leste]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Saving Liberal Peacebuilding From Itself]]></article-title>
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<source><![CDATA[La ONU ha desplegado una decena de misiones en Haití que afrontaron similares dificultades.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
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<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
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<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[United Nations Mission in Timor-Leste]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
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<source><![CDATA[United Nations Truce Supervision Organization.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
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<ref id="B43">
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<source><![CDATA[Hunger in Haiti reaches historic high with one-in-two Haitians now in acute hunger. World Food Programme.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
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</back>
</article>
