<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992024000200064</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.39.2024.5996</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ofensiva Táctica de Masas y Defensa Integral de la Nación en Venezuela (1999-2005)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mass Tactical Offensive and Integral Defense of the Nation in Venezuela (1999-2005)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Ofensiva Táctica de Massas e Defesa Integral da Nação na Venezuela (1999-2005)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wainer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,FADENA-CONICET  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>39</numero>
<fpage>64</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992024000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992024000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992024000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Luego de indagar sobre el lugar que las Fuerzas Armadas ocuparon en el proyecto político venezolano, entre 1999 y 2005, este artículo se propone historiar sobre una serie de elaboraciones y replanteos civiles y militares que abrevaron en este. Se considera que tal lugar guarda relación con un conjunto de intercambios sostenidos en el tiempo, así como con el núcleo de relaciones sociales, académicas y políticas que forjaron una mirada crítica de los militares. Estos, en comunión con civiles académicos y militantes de izquierda, elaboraron, durante décadas, una serie de visiones y acciones. La concepción de Ofensiva Táctica de Masas y la de Defensa Integral de la Nación estructuran este trabajo, que busca asociar elaboraciones conceptuales y acciones, antes y después de la llegada al gobierno. Estas imbricaciones coadyuvaron no solo a la confección de una nueva doctrina militar bolivariana, sino, además, a una mirada crítica sobre la democracia representativa y la organización del sistema político en torno a ella.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In order to investigate the place that the Armed Forces occupied in the Venezuelan political project between 1999 and 2005, this work proposes to historicize a series of civilian and military elaborations and reconsiderations that were based on it. It considers that such a place is related to a set of exchanges sustained over time, as well as to a core of social, academic and political relations that forged a critical view of the soldiers. They, in communion with civilian academics and leftist activists, developed a series of visions and actions for decades. The conception of Mass Tactical Offensive together with that of Integral Defense of the Nation structure this work, that seeks to associate conceptual elaborations and actions, before and after the arrival to the government. These overlaps contributed not only to the creation of a new Bolivarian military doctrine, but also to a critical view of representative democracy and the organization of the political system around it.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Ao investigar o lugar que as Forças Armadas ocuparam no projecto político venezuelano entre 1999 e 2005, propomo-nos historicizar uma série de elaborações e reconsiderações civis e militares que o alimentaram. Consideramos que tal lugar está relacionado com um conjunto de trocas sustentadas ao longo do tempo, bem como com um núcleo de relações sociais, académicas e políticas que forjaram uma visão crítica dos militares que, em comunhão com académicos civis e militantes de esquerda, elaboraram uma série de visões e acções ao longo de décadas. A concepção da Ofensiva Táctica de Massas em conjunto com a da Defesa Integral da Nação estruturam este trabalho, procurando associar elaborações conceptuais e acções, antes e depois da chegada do governo. Essas sobreposições contribuíram não só para a criação de uma nova doutrina militar bolivariana, mas também para uma visão crítica da democracia representativa e da organização do sistema político em torno dela.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[chavismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[defensa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fuerzas Armadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relaciones civiles-militares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Armed Forces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chavismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[civil-military relations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[defending]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Chavismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Defesa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Forças Armadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Relações civis-militares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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