<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992023000300082</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.37.2023.5954</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El valor de las armas menos letales en seguridad pública]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Value of Less Lethal Weapons in Public Safety]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O Valor das Armas Menos Letais na Segurança Pública]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez-Perdomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elvis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johnathan C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Hull  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Reino Unido</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Naval Postgraduate School  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[California ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>37</numero>
<fpage>82</fpage>
<lpage>101</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las armas menos letales (AML) han sido objeto de debate en la aplicación de la ley. Gran parte de la literatura se centra en su legalidad y conveniencia, en lugar de su efectividad, particularmente para los organismos de seguridad. Para abordar esa brecha, el presente estudio utiliza un análisis de riesgos financieros avanzados y simulación de escenarios para modelar el retorno de la inversión (ROI, por sus siglas en inglés) del uso de las AML. Utilizando un tipo de AML (The Alternative) como caso de estudio, se encuentra que, si bien los eventos extremos con AML ocurren relativamente con poca frecuencia, en comparación con las armas de fuego convencionales, su impacto en la sociedad es significativo. Por ejemplo, las agencias policiales pueden obtener un ROI entre el 1564% y el 2728%. Por cada dólar invertido en adquirir, equipar y capacitar a un oficial con AML, el beneficio adicional se sitúa entre 16 y 28 dólares. Por lo tanto, las AML no solo reducen el daño colateral, el riesgo reputacional y legal, sino que también previenen muertes innecesarias que erosionan la legitimidad policial y la confianza pública.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Less-Lethal Weapons (LLWs) have been a topic of debate in law enforcement, with much of the literature focusing on their legality and convenience rather than their effectiveness, in particular for police agencies. To address this gap, this study employs advanced financial risk analytics and scenario simulation to model the return on investment (ROI) of LLWs usage. By using a type of LLW (The Alternative) as a case study, the results suggest that while extreme events in LLW occur relatively infrequently compared to conventional firearms, their impact on society is significant. For instance, police agencies can have ROI between 1564% and 2728%. For each dollar invested in acquiring, equipping, and training an officer with LLWs, the added benefit is seen between USD$16 and USD$28. Hence, LLWs not only reduce collateral damage, reputational and legal risk, but also prevent unnecessary deaths which erode police legitimacy and public trust.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O uso das armas menos letais (AML) tem sido debatido nos últimos anos na aplicação da lei. Entretanto, a literatura tem sido concentrada na legalidade e conveniência das AML sem considerar o valor do investimento nas análises da efetividade, especialmente para as agências de segurança. Para abordar esta brecha, este estudo utiliza análises avançadas de risco financeiro e simulação de cenários para modelar o retorno do investimento (ROI) do uso das AML. Dessa forma, utilizando um tipo de AML (The Alternative) como caso de estudo, os resultados sugerem que, embora os eventos extremos com AML em comparação com armas de fogo convencionais ocorrem relativamente com pouca frequência, o seu impacto na sociedade é significativo. Por exemplo, as agências de polícia podem ter um ROI entre 1564% - 2728%... Por cada US$1 investido na aquisição, equipamento e treino dum polícia, o benefício encontra-se entre US$16 e US$28. Nesta perspectiva, as AML reduzem os danos colaterais, o risco reputacional e legal, e evitam mortes desnecessárias que corroem a legitimidade da polícia e a confiança dos cidadãos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[armas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis cuantitativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inversión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[justicia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[policía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política pública, seguridad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[investment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[justice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[police]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public policy, quantitative analysis, security, weapons]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[análise quantitativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[armas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[investimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[justiça]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[polícia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política pública, segurança]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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