<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992022000300082</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.34.2022.5395</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prediciendo el crimen en ciudades intermedias: un modelo de &#8220;machine learning&#8221; en Bucaramanga, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Predicting Crime in Middle-Size Cities. A Machine Learning Model in Bucaramanga, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Prevendo o crime em cidades de porte médio. Um modelo de &#8220;Machine Learning&#8221; em Bucaramanga, Colômbia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelvez-Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan-David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María-Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos-Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Maryland  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento Nacional de Planeación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento Nacional de Planeación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>34</numero>
<fpage>82</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992022000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992022000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992022000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El uso de tecnología para prevenir el crimen es una práctica cada vez más frecuente. Sin embargo, la evidencia se ha concentrado en ciudades principales, que cuentan con gran cantidad de datos y mejores capacidades locales. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar los resultados de un modelo de &#8220;machine learning&#8221; para predecir el delito en Bucaramanga, una ciudad intermedia de Colombia. Se utilizó el procesamiento de señales para grafos y una adaptación al caso del modelo de vectorización de texto TF-IDF. Se identificó que los mejores resultados en la predicción del crimen se dieron con modelos espaciales de grafos por semanas. Además, encontramos evidencia de que existen diversas dificultades de predicción, en dependencia de la periodicidad del modelo. La mejor opción posible (con los datos disponibles) es una periodicidad semanal. El mejor modelo encontrado es un KNN de clasificación, que alcanza un 59 % de exhaustividad(recall) y más de 60 % de exactitud (accuracy.). Concluimosque los modelos de predicción del delito constituyen una herramienta útil para construir estrategias de prevención en ciudades principales; sin embargo, existen limitaciones para su aplicación en ciudades intermedias, que cuentan con poca información.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The use of technology to prevent and respond to citizen security challenges is increasingly frequent. However, empirical evidence has been concentrated in major cities with large amounts of data and local authorities' strong capacities. Therefore, this investigation aims to capture a series of policy recommendations based on a machine learning crime prediction model in an intermediate city in Colombia, Bucaramanga (department of Santander). The model used signal processing for graphs and an adaptation of the TF-IDF text vectorization model to the space-time case, for each of the cities&#8217; neighborhoods. The results show that the best crime prediction outcomes were obtained when using the models with spatial relationships of graphs by weeks. Evidence of the difficulty in predictions based on the periodicity of the model is found. The best possible prediction (with available data) is weekly prediction. In addition, the best model found was a KNN classification model, reaching 59 % of recall and more than 60 % of accuracy. We concluded that crime prediction models are a helpful tool for constructing prevention strategies in major cities; however, there are limitations to its application in intermediate cities and rural areas in Colombia, which have little statistical information and few technical capabilities.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: O uso da tecnologia para prevenir e responder aos desafios de segurança do cidadão é cada vez mais frequente. No entanto, a evidência tem sido concentrada nas grandes cidades com elevadas quantidades de dados e forte capacidade das autoridades locais. Em vista disso, este documento visa captar uma série de recomendações baseadas em um modelo &#8220;machine learning&#8221; preditivo de crime em Bucaramanga, cidade colombiana de tamanho intermediário localizada no departamento de Santander. Este modelo utilizou, para cada um dos bairros da cidade, um processamento de sinal de gráficos e uma adaptação do modelo de vetorização de texto TF-IDF para o caso espaço-tempo. Nossos resultados mostram que os preditores de crime que obtiveram os melhores desempenhos foram atingidos quando utilizados modelos com relações espaciais de gráficos por semana. Sendo o melhor possível uma previsão semanal (com dados disponíveis). Além disso, o melhor modelo encontrado foi um modelo de classificação KNN, atingindo 59% de recall e mais de 60% de accuracy. Da mesma forma, o documento conclui que os modelos de previsão de crime são uma ferramenta útil para a construção de estratégias de prevenção nas grandes cidades; no entanto, há limitações para sua aplicação em cidades de porte médio e áreas rurais na Colômbia, que dispõem de escassas capacidades técnicas e tampouco de informações estatísticas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de datos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crimen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prevención del crimen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Policía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crime prevention]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[data analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[police]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Análise de dados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colômbia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Prevenção de crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Polícia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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