<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992022000100112</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.32.2022.5039</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelo estructural para el análisis y la construcción de políticas de seguridad y defensa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Structural Model for the Analysis and Construction of Security and Defense Policies]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Modelo Estrutural para a Análise e Construção das Políticas de Segurança e Defesa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abella-Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan-David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrijos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior de Guerra de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>32</numero>
<fpage>112</fpage>
<lpage>126</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992022000100112&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992022000100112&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992022000100112&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es proponer un modelo estructural y actualizado para el análisis y la construcción de políticas de seguridad y defensa. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema y, a partir de ello, se plantea el modelo y se analizan de forma prospectiva su utilidad, alcances y límites a futuro. Entre los resultados del estudio, se identifican dos grandes direccionamientos de la literatura: uno conceptual y formulador, y otro más exclusivo, político y técnico, así como un aparente consenso técnico sobre algunos elementos básicos de las políticas de seguridad y defensa. Frente a esto, se aporta una propuesta funcional para incrementar el conocimiento, racionalizar recursos y armonizar y mejorar la confección y la implementación de las políticas de seguridad y defensa.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The objective of this article is to propose a structural and updated model for the analysis and construction of security and defense policies. A review of the literature on the topic is carried out and, based on it, the model is proposed and its usefulness, scope and limits for the future are analyzed prospectively. Among the results of the study, two main tendencies of the literature are identified: one conceptual and formulator, and another more exclusive, political and technical, as well as an apparent technical consensus on some basic elements of security and defense policies. In view of this, a functional proposal is put forward to increase knowledge, rationalize resources and harmonize and improve the construction and implementation of security and defense policies.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Abstrato O objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo estrutural e atualizado para a análise e construção das políticas de segurança e defesa. É realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto e, a partir disso, é proposto o modelo. Sua utilidade, escopo e limites futuros são analisados &#8203;&#8203;prospectivamente. Entre os resultados do estudo, identificam-se duas grandes direções na literatura: uma tendência conceitual e de formulação, e outra mais exclusiva, política e técnica, além de um aparente consenso técnico sobre alguns elementos básicos das políticas de segurança e defesa. Diante disso, apresenta-se uma proposta funcional para aumentar o conhecimento, racionalizar recursos e harmonizar e aprimorar a elaboração e implementação de políticas de segurança e defesa.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[defensa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo estructural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad hemisférica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[revisión de literatura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[defense]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hemispheric security, security]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state of the art]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structural model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colômbia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[defesa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estado da arte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[modelo estrutural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[segurança, segurança hemisférica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abella Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrijos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolución y tendencias en la teoría y práctica de la Diplomacia Militar: implicaciones para Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonnathan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Convergencia de Conceptos: Enfoques Sinérgicos en relación a las Amenazas a la Seguridad del Estado colombiano]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>19-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Superior de Guerra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aravena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Rojas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Human security: emerging concept of security in the twenty-first century]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armitage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Smarter, More Secure America]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Center for Strategic and International Studies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asamblea Nacional Constituyente</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Constitución Política de Colombia]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball, Nicole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael Brzoska]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kingma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kees]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Voice and accountability in the security sector]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bonn ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Inclusion Matters: The Foundation for Shared Prosperity]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opening the black box - The making of India&#8217;s foreign policy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blarel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paliwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Avinash]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[India Review]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>457-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brauch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hans Günter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Security Threats, Challenges, Vulnerability and Risks]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oswald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ursula]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Security, Peace, Development and Environment]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>102-13</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO/Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Métodos cuantitativos, métodos cualitativos o su combinación en la investigación: un acercamiento en las ciencias sociales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena-Iñiguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rendón-Medel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eileen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1603-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opening the &#8216;black box&#8217; of policy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gemma]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Insight Magazine]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CONEVAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología para la construcción de la matriz de indicadores para resultados]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>DCAF</collab>
<source><![CDATA[National Security Policies. Formulating national security policies for good security sector governance]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Génova ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (DCAF)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Institucionalismo nuevo y el estudio de las políticas públicas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Hoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Remberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Justicia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>107-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Lama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La seguridad hemisférica a fin de siglo: el nuevo concepto de seguridad]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FLACSO-Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defensa Nacional: consideraciones para un enfoque analítico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eissa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Relaciones Internacionales]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>53</numero>
<issue>53</issue>
<page-range>246-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grandvoinnet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helene]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghazia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aslam]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shomikho]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Opening the Black Box: The Contextual Drivers of Social Accountability]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conventional Deterrence and National Security]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canberra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Air Power Studies Centre]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De la Seguridad Nacional a la Seguridad Democrática: nuevos problemas, viejos esquemas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina Galindo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Socio-Jurídicos]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>496-543</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal Buitrago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ann]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracia y seguridad en los Andes: hacia una agenda regional]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;¿Existe una comunidad de seguridad en América del Sur?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Navarro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Academia Nacional de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Política exterior y política de defensa: una cercanía esquiva]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Navarro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Política y Estrategia]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>114</numero>
<issue>114</issue>
<page-range>54-116</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Defensa Nacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Política de Defensa y Seguridad para la Legalidad, el Emprendimiento y la Equidad]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OAS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Tratado Marco de Seguridad Democrática en Centroamérica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orovcanec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Astrid]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mircev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dimitar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security in the 21st century: in search of new research paradigms and approaches]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Scientific Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Presidencia de la República de Colombia y Ministerio de Defensa Nacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Política de Defensa y Seguridad Democrática]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Presidencia de la República de Colombia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Abecé de la Política de Defensa y Seguridad para la Legalidad, el Emprendimiento y la Equidad]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpretive Social Science: An Overview]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fowers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Blaine J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Behavioral Scientist]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>465-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[II. Policy Formulation for National Security]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sidney]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>1949</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>534-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A positive approach to stress, resistance, and organizational change]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavakoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mahin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1794-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jairo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introducción a las políticas públicas: conceptos y herramientas desde la relación entre Estado y ciudadanía]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudios del Ministerio Público (IEMP)/Procuraduría General de la Nación (PGN)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Formulación consensuada de políticas de defensa y seguridad en América Latina: la participación de la sociedad en decisiones fundamentales]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UN SSR Task Force</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Security Sector Reform. Integrated Technical Guidance Notes]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
