<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992018000100058</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.22.2018.3157</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Securitización como supervivencia, securitización como actos del habla: crítica a la Escuela de Copenhague]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Securitization as Survival, Securitization as a Speech Act: A Critic to the Copenhagen School]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Revelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio del Interior  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>22</numero>
<fpage>58</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992018000100058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992018000100058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992018000100058&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente trabajo evalúa los postulados y la aplicación de la teoría de securitización (TS) de la Escuela de Copenhague (Wæver, Buzan y de Wilde) para indagar sobre aquellos cuestionamientos que posicionan a esta como una teoría conservadora, dentro de los estudios de seguridad, por adoptar y reforzar principios propios de los enfoques tradicionales. Con dicho fin, se examina cómo afecta a la TS adoptar las concepciones de la seguridad como supervivencia y la producción de la seguridad a través de procesos intersubjetivos de construcción de amenazas, bajo la lógica de la teoría de los actos del habla y los roles y funciones determinados para agentes securitizadores y audiencias que privilegian las experiencias de un grupo, en detrimento de otros. Con base en el análisis de esos postulados, en este artículo se critica la metodología propuesta por dicha escuela, que restringe el cambio del objeto de referencia y la ampliación de la agenda de seguridad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The present paper addresses how the theoretical framework of the securitisation theory, conceived by the Copenhagen School, embraces unique features of the traditional security studies. Its central focus is the assessment of the conceptions of security as survival embedded in the logic of the speech act theory, and the characterisation of the role endows to the securitising agents and the audience. By analysing those, this work criticises the methodology proposed by the Copenhagen School that restrains the deepening of the referent object and the broadening of the security agenda.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agentes securitizadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[audiencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escuela de Copenhague]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad como supervivencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad como un acto del habla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría de securitización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Securitisation Theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Copenhagen School]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[audience]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[securitising agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[security as speech act]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[security as survival]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Security and the Democratic Scene: Desecuritization and Emancipation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aradau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Relations and Development]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>388-413</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Three Faces of Securitization: Political Agency, Audience and Context]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balzacq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thierry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of International Relations]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>171-201</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balzacq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thierry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Securitization theory how security problems emerge and dissolve]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Security and immigration: Toward a critique of the governmentality of unease]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Didier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alternatives, Global, Local, Political]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>63-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Booth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ken]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deepening, Broadening, Reconstructing]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krause]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Keith]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Concepts in Military, Strategic and Security Studies]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>313-26</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Abingdon ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Slippery? Contradictory? Sociologically Untenable? The Copenhagen School Replies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buzan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Barry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Review of International Studies]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>241-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buzan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Barry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A New Framework for Analysis]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynne Rienner Pub]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agents without agency: Assessing the role of the audience in securitization theory]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coté]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security Dialogue]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>541-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Millennium: Journal of International Studies]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>126-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Should HIV/AIDS Be Securitized? The Ethical Dilemmas of Linking HIV/AIDS and Security]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Studies Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>50</numero>
<issue>50</issue>
<page-range>119-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Legitimizing the War on Terror: Political Myth in Official-Level Rhetoric]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Political Psychology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>357-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can securitization theory be used in normative analysis? Towards a just securitization theory]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Floyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security Dialogue]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4-5</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>427-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender, Nation, Rape: Bosnia and the Construction of Security]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lene]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Feminist Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>55-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Doing Security as Though Humans Matter: A Feminist Perspective on Gender and the Politics of Human Security]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hudson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Heidi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security Dialogue]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matt]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Constructivism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security Studies an Introduction]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>59-72</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weak States, State Failure, and Terrorism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Terrorism and Political Violence]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>463-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peoples]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Columba]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Security Studies]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Abingdon ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Concepts of Politics in securitization studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ulrik]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security Dialogue]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4-5</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>315-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is securitization a negative concept? Revisiting the normative debate over normal versus extraordinary politics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security Dialogue]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>249-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The race for Ebola drugs: pharmaceuticals, security and global health governance]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roemer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Third World Quaterly]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>37</numero>
<issue>37</issue>
<page-range>487-506</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[War, Factionalism, and the State in Afghanistan]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nazif]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Antrhopologist]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>104</numero>
<issue>104</issue>
<page-range>715-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Political Theology: Four Chapter on the Concept of Sovereignty]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction to Security Studies: Feminist Contributions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sjoberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security Studies]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>183-213</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Illocutionary Logic and Strands of Securitization: Applying the Theory of Securitization to the Study of Non-Democratic Political Orders]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vuori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juha]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of International Relations]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>65-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wæver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ole]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Securitization and Desecuritzation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipschutz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronnie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On Security]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>46-86</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Columbia University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wæver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ole]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Securitisation: Taking Stock of a Research Programme in Security Studies]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Copenhagen]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wæver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ole]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The politics of theorising: Desecuritization, responsibility and action in speech act theories of security]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Copenhagen]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security Strategy and Critical Theory]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynne Rienner Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
