1390-1249
1390-1249
S1390-12492025000200077
10.17141/iconos.82.2025.6350
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
00
08
2025
00
08
2025
82
77
95
[
2000
188
8-23.
]
[
2012
15
143-158.
]
[
2017
25
1
1
187-213.
]
[
2012
15
127-141.
]
[
2008
45
2
2
73-85.
]
[
CEPAL
2022
]
[
2014
50
111-127.
]
[
1989
1
139-167.
]
[
2005
246-316.
]
[
2014
50
27-42.
]
[
2013
]
[
2012
15
79-92.
]
[
2017
25
2
2
661-682.
]
[
2001
]
[
1995
]
[
2019
21
2
2
215-235.
]
[
2017
8
1
1
19-39.
]
[
2021
]
[
2024
12
2
2
127-145.
]
[
2023
]
[
INEGI
2019
]
[
2011
79
847-874.
]
[
2016
7
1
1
35-56.
]
[
2005
]
[
2015
20
279-304.
]
[
2000
219-42
]
[
1971
]
[
2000
]
[
2014
50
77-96.
]
[
2012
15
61-77.
]
[
2003
9
35
35
79-104.
]
[
2019
14
3
3
515-40
]
[
2017
6
29
29
36-53.
]
[
2008
]
[
2004
30
12-34.
]
[
2014
50
61-75.
]
[
2011
]
[
2022
]
[
2021
19
2
2
151-163.
]
[
2013
20
117-119.
]
[
2000
]
[
2013
31
143-166.
]
[
2006
277-342
]
[
1993
25
662-676.
]
[
UNICEF
2018
]
[
2014
50
9-26.
]
[
2021
103
1-10.
]
[
2014
50
97-110
]
[
2023
]
[
2015
5
41
41
113-152.
]
[
2014
a
50
129-45
]
[
2014
b
22
1
1
91-113.
]
[
2022
]
[
2022
]
[
2023
]
[
2022
]
[
2023
]
[
2023
]
[
2022
]
[
2024
]
[
2023
]
[
2022
]
[
2024
]
[
2022
]
[
2023
]
[
2023
]
[
2022
]
[
2023
]
[
2023
]
[
2023
]
[
2023
]
[
2022
]
[
2023
]
[
2023
]
[
2023
]
[
2024
]
[
2022
]
[
2022
]
[
2023
]