<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-1249</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Íconos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-1249</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FLACSO Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-12492021000300179</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/iconos.71.2021.4689</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Conexiones internacionales del proceso de colonización de la frontera amazónica ecuatoriana, 1960-1970]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[International connections of the Ecuadorian Amazonian forest colonization process 1960-1970]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>71</numero>
<fpage>179</fpage>
<lpage>194</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-12492021000300179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-12492021000300179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-12492021000300179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este artículo, se muestran las distintas conexiones internacionales que estimularon, entre 1960 y 1970, la migración campesina hacia las fronteras amazónicas ecuatorianas. Durante el mencionado periodo, en varios países latinoamericanos las organizaciones campesinas reclamaban el acceso a la tierra de latifundios. Para evitar que estos reclamos desencadenasen en revoluciones radicales, la Organización de Estados Americanos propuso que los campesinos migraran hacia tierras de áreas selváticas como la Amazonía. Las distintas conexiones internacionales entre este organismo y la diplomacia estadounidense con la política de colonización de la frontera amazónica de Ecuador constituyen el tema central del presente texto. En la etapa de estudio, Ecuador participó de una política internacional de colonización y recibió créditos de entidades financieras para construir carreteras en zonas selváticas. Además, la presión diplomática logró que se aprobara la legislación sobre colonización, al tiempo que el Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas capacitó a funcionarios estatales para hacer efectivas las políticas agrarias. A partir de fuentes diplomáticas, jurídicas e informes burocráticos, en este artículo se muestran las estrategias transnacionales de gobierno que promovieron la migración campesina a la selva amazónica para desactivar el riesgo de revoluciones políticas comunistas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article exposes the various international influences that -between 1960-1970- operated in order to stimulate peasant migration towards the Ecuadorian Amazonian frontier. During that period poor farmer organizations in several Latin American countries were demanding access to land held by traditional latifundia. In order to defuse the revolutionary potential of these claims, the Organization of American States (OAS) came up with a plan that would have the peasants migrate as colonists towards jungle areas, such as Amazonia. A central topic of the present text is the study of the several international connections between this organization and United States diplomacy in their efforts to boost colonization policies in the Ecuadorian Amazonian frontier. In a first stage, Ecuador received loans from foreign financial organizations, which were targeted for the construction of roads that would facilitate access to the rainforest areas. This was a major component of early efforts to promote the occupation of the tropical woodlands. Additionally, strong pressure by US diplomacy forced Ecuador to pass legislation facilitating colonization, while, at the same time, the Inter American Institute of Agrarian Sciences (IICA), trained government officials in the skills necessary to implement and enforce these policies. The article uses diplomatic, legal and bureaucratic reports in order to disclose the administrative transnational strategies that were active in promoting the migration of landless peasants towards the Amazonian wilderness, as part of an effort to neutralize the risk of communist political revolutions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Amazonía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frontera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia del Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reforma agraria.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Amazonia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[colonization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[frontier]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history of Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agrarian reform.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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