<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-1249</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Íconos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-1249</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FLACSO Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-12492020000300039</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">doi.org/10.17141/iconos.68.2020.4309</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Democracia y educación: notas sobre la enseñanza militar en Argentina y Brasil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Democracy and education: Notes over military training in Argentina and Brazil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Suzeley Kalil]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estadual Paulista (UNESP)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNESP  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,GEDES-UNESP  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>68</numero>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-12492020000300039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-12492020000300039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-12492020000300039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo nace del entendimiento de que las innumerables intervenciones militares, los pronunciamientos y las décadas durante las cuales Argentina y Brasil vivieron bajo regímenes de excepción, representan un obstáculo para la democracia y revelan la importancia de la formación de soldados subordinados a las autoridades civiles. De esta motivación surgen cuatro premisas fundamentales: i) la educación de los militares es esencial para superar la autonomía y para construir la subordinación militar a los civiles; ii) la educación militar también es fundamental para formar profesionales aptos para la Defensa del país al cual se sirve; iii) la autonomía en esta área dificulta la consolidación de la democracia y la política de cooperación en Defensa; iv) la reducción de las diferencias entre los sistemas educativos civil y militar facilita las políticas de cada operación de Defensa y fomenta valores específicos de la democracia. Las discrepancias entre los casosargentino y brasileño son ilustrativas y esclarecedoras de los dilemas que implica la educación de los militares; de ello deriva el objetivo de ofrecer un análisis comparativo entre los dos países. Para esto, se utiliza una matriz educativo-militar compuesta por cuatro cuadrantes interrelacionados: normativo, relacional, sistemático de enseñanza e interno. El cuadrante normativo será el objeto específico de este artículo. Su principal consideración es que, cuando se trata de la educación militar, la realidad brasileña está desfasada frente a la de Argentina en la transición a un régimen democrático.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article assumes that the countless military interventions and coups, and the decades in which both Argentina and Brazil lived under dictatorships; constitute an obstacle for democracy and reveal the importance of educating soldiers on the importance of military subordination to civilian authorities. Four major findings can be derived from the above assumptions, i) a new educational approach is unavoidable if military autonomy is to be overcome and if military subordination to civilian authorities is to take root; ii) Military education is also crucial in the training of competent military leaders, able to fulfill their duties to the countries they serve; iii) Military autonomy hampers democratic consolidation and international cooperation in defense issues; iv) Reducing the differences between military training and the civilian educational system facilitates operational defense policies and fosters the internalization of democratic values into the ranks. The differences found between the Argentinian and Brazilian cases clearly illustrate the dilemmas involved in military education. Thus, it seems useful to subject both countries to a comparative study of their opposing experiences. In order to achieve this, a military education matrix is used. The matrix is composed of four quadrants: normative, relational, teaching systematics and internal. This article focuses in the normative quadrant and shows that Brazil´s current military training is clearly behind Argentina&#8217;s in applying changes supportive of democratic transition.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Argentina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación militar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fuerzas Armadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regímenes burocrático-autoritarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Argentina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Brazil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[military education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Armed Forces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bureaucratic- authoritarian regimes.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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