<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-1249</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Íconos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-1249</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FLACSO Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-12492019000300199</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/iconos.65.2019.3504</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Élites empresariales y proceso de democratización en Paraguay]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Business elites and the process of democratization in Paraguay]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,The New School University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Asunción  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paraguay</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>65</numero>
<fpage>199</fpage>
<lpage>220</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-12492019000300199&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-12492019000300199&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-12492019000300199&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este estudio expone la primera época del proceso de democratización en Paraguay que inició en 1987 y culminó en 1992. El mismo se basó en un enfoque sociohistórico, movilizando información cualitativa desde testimonios sobre el proceso en cuestión, así como información estadística descriptiva que permitió entender el contexto de los cambios en el período referido. En este marco, se expone de qué manera las élites empresariales paraguayas, en tanto sector más dinámico de la clase dominante, no solo impulsaron el derrocamiento del régimen autoritario del ex dictador Alfredo Stroessner, sino que también orientaron los rumbos de la gestión económica y el rediseño de la arquitectura institucional de la república en función a sus intereses y de los privilegios obtenidos durante la dictadura. Entre los hallazgos, se expone que dichas élites ensayaron, durante la &#8220;primera transición&#8221;, mecanismos de acomodación y neutralización de los avances en derechos sociales, en la medida en que estos implicaron una democratización sustantiva del sistema político. Si bien la apertura democrática fue apuntalada como un cambio necesario, conllevó riesgosas implicaciones para la realización de los intereses específicos de las élites. En conclusión, la democracia quedó marcada por la captura del Estado por los sectores económicos que salieron fortalecidos después del régimen autoritario, dejando debilitadas a las clases trabajadoras en su posibilidad de oponer resistencia y acceder a derechos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study exposes the first phase of the process of democratization in Paraguay that began in 1987 and ended in 1992. It was based on a sociohistorical approach that used qualitative information from testimonies about the process in question, as well as descriptive statistical information that helped explain the context of the changes that took place in the referred period. From this framework, the paper exposes how the Paraguayan business elites, as the most dynamic sector of the ruling class, not only led the removal of the authoritarian regime of the ex-dictator Alfredo Stroessner, but also guided the economic management and the redesign of the institutional architecture of the republic according to their interests and the privileges obtained during the dictatorship. Among the findings, this research shows that during the "first transition" these elites created mechanisms of accommodation and neutralization of the advances in social rights, to the extent that these would imply a substantive democratization of the political system. Although the democratic aperture was presented as a necessary change, it had risky implications due to the promotion of the specific interests of the elites. In conclusion, democracy was marked by the seizure of the State by the economic sectors that were strengthened after the authoritarian regime, leaving the working classes weakened in their ability to resist and access rights.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democratización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[élites empresariales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democratization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[business elites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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