<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-0129</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Politécnica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Politéc. (Quito)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-0129</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Politécnica Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-01292022000300015</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33333/rp.vol50n1.02</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ramp Metering Strategies: A Literature Review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Control de Flujo en Rampas: Una Revisión de Literatura]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cazorla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avila-Ordóñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cuenca Models, Analysis and Simulation of Transport Systems (MAS), Research Group ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-01292022000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-01292022000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-01292022000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Ramp metering (RM) is a control tool that allows keeping the flow in freeways main stream stable (occupancy below critical values), in order to delay the onset of congestion. A proper application guarantees a lower Total Travel time Spent in the network (TTS) (travel time in the main stream and waiting time at on-ramps), to varying degrees depending on the application. The benefits of RM arise from preventing congestion and/or from preventing queue spillback. In this paper, the state of the art is surveyed, ultimately selecting twenty-one relevant documents reporting case studies that compare the performance of two or more RM strategies. These documents are classified by the strategy used and reported gains (reduction in TTS). Regardless of the strategy, the authors recommend applying RM to highly congested freeways with similar TTS among ramps. Bottlenecks should be clearly identified to establish the place where the control must be carried out. Control parameters should be set using historical and real-time data and updated according to a receding horizon. Detrimental factors that could exacerbate initial conditions of congestion and spillback include: incorrect input parameters, reactive instead of proactive approaches, and queue formation only on some coordinated ramps.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Los sistemas de control de flujo en rampas (RM) permiten estabilizar el flujo vehicular en las autopistas (ocupación vehicular inferior al valor crítico) con el fin de evitar congestión. Una adecuada aplicación de RM asegura un menor tiempo total de viaje en la red (TTS) (tiempo de viaje en la autopista y el tiempo de espera en las rampas de ingreso) con respecto al escenario sin control. Las ganancias en TTS pueden resultar de prevenir el inicio de la congestión o de limitar el despliegue de colas. En este artículo, el estado del arte es analizado por veintiún documentos relevantes que comparan el desempeño de dos o más estrategias de RM utilizando un caso de estudio. Estos documentos se clasificaron según el tipo de estrategia y la reducción reportada en TTS. Independientemente de la estrategia, los autores concuerdan con que RM debe aplicarse a autopistas congestionadas con similares TTS entre rampas. Los cuellos de botella deben estar claramente identificados para establecer el lugar en el cual debe realizarse el control. Los parámetros de control deben establecerse utilizando datos históricos y en tiempo real y ser actualizados paulatinamente. Por otro lado, parámetros de entrada incorrectos, reacción en lugar de anticipación y la formación de colas solo en algunas rampas coordinadas podrían empeorar la situación inicial del flujo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ramp metering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dynamic traffic control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Freeway bottlenecks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ramp metering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sistema dinámico de control de tráfico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Beneficios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Contra indicadores]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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