<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2631-2581</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ecuatoriana de Neurología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Ecuat Neurol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2631-2581</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Médica Ecuatoriana de Neurología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2631-25812021000300095</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46997/revecuatneurol30300095</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[GIANT BILATERAL OPEN-LIP SCHIZENCEPHALY: A CASE REPORT.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[ESQUIZENCEFALIA BILATERAL GIGANTE DE LABIO ABIERTO: UN REPORTE DE CASO.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarango-Amay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Gualan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pediatric Hospital Department of Pediatrics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tuxcla Gutierrez Chiapas]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Peoples&#8217; Friendship University of Russia Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Moscow ]]></addr-line>
<country>Russia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2631-25812021000300095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2631-25812021000300095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2631-25812021000300095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Schizencephaly is a rare congenital brain malformation characterized by clefts in the cerebral cortex, it is classified in Type I (open lip) and Type II (close-lip). Patients with schizencephaly present seizures, hydrocephalus, motor and mental deficits. Ultrasound is used for in-utero and newborns patients&#8217; diagnosis, and MRI or CT for already born patients. The management of schizencephaly is conservative, with rehabilitation in motor or mental deficits, medication or surgery for seizures and shunt in hydrocephalus with increased intracranial pressure. In the literature, only few giant bilateral cases have been reported. We report a case of giant bilateral open lip schizencephaly, in a 10-day old male patient, presenting with mild hypotonia and no seizures. This case is rare because the relatively benign features compared to other reported cases.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La esquezencefalia es una malformación cerebral congénita caracterizada por hendiduras en la corteza cerebral, se clasifica en Tipo I (labio abierto) y tipo II (labio cerrado). Los pacientes con esquizencephalia presentan convulsiones, hidrocefalia, déficit motor y mental. La ecografía se utiliza para el diagnóstico intra útero y recién nacidos, y la resonancia magnética o tomografía computarizada en pacientes ya nacidos. El manejo de la esquizencefalia es conservador, con rehabilitacción de los déficits motores o mentales, medicación o cirugía para convulsiones y derivación en hidrocefalia con aumento de la presión intraacraneal. En la literatura, solo se han informado unos pocos casos bilaterales gigantes. Presentamos un caso de esquizencefalia gigante bilateral de labio abierto, en un paciente masculino de 10 días, que se presenta con hipotonía leve y sin convulsiones. Este caso es raro debido a las características relativamente beningnas en comparación con otros casos notificados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[brain malformation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CT]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[giant cleft]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bilateral schizencephaly]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Malformación cereebral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TAC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hendidura gigante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esquizencefalia bilateral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediaatria]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gehirndefect und Hydrocephalus.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heschl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prakt Helkd.]]></source>
<year>1859</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>59-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephalies; a study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle; I clefts with fused lips.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yakovlev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wadsworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuropathol Exp Neurol]]></source>
<year>1946</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>116-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephalies; a study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle; II clefts with hydrocephalus and lipps separated]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yakovlev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wadsworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuropathol Exp Neurol]]></source>
<year>1946</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>169-206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formation, Maturation, and Disorders of Brain Neocortex]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barkovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gressens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evrard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[AJNR]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>423-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volpe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology of the Newborn. Third. W.B Saunders]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly: a clinical and CT study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stears]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guggenheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkening]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>997-1001</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly: Heterogeneous etiologies in a population of 4 million California births.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lammer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med Genet]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>181-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnostic Imaging and Problems of Schizencephaly]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stopa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kucharska-Miasik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dziurzynska-Bialek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Polish J Radiol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>444-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly prevalence, prenatal diagnosis and clues to etiology: a register-based study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rankin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Draper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>75-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Malformation of the Nervous System. First]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarnat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curatolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[No major role for the EMX2 gene in schizencephaly]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Marco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med Genet]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1142-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postencephalitic porencephaly, hydranencephaly or polymicrogyria, A review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friede]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikolasek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Neuropathol]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>161-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly: Association with young maternal age, alcohol use, and lack of prenatal care.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hisama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Child Neurol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>198-203</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly: clinical and imaging features in 30 infantil cases]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chateil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Dev.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>475-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prenatal Diagnosis of Schizencephaly]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komarniski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cyr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J ultrasound Med]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>305-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Classification of congenital abnormalities of the CNS.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van der Knaap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Neuroradiol]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>315-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Germline mutations in the homeobox gene EMX2 in patients with severe schizencephaly]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faiella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Genet]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>94-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Familial schizencephaly associated with EMX2 mutation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faiella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1403-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MR imaging of schizencephaly]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barkovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Roentgenol]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1391-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fetal Schizencephaly: Pre- and Postnatal Imaging with a Review of the Clinical Manifestations.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RadioGraphics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>647-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly: diagnosis and progression in utero]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klingensmith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cioffi-Ragan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>617-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly - clinical and radiological presentation of pediatrics patients]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopyta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marszal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kluczewska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Wiad Lek]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>471-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly: correlations of clinical and radiologic feaures]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Packard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>448</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1427-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anatomic hemispherectomy for intractable epilepsy in a patient with unilateral schizencephaly]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardesty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaghloul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Storm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Neurosurg Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resective Surgery for medically intractable epilepsy associated with schizencephaly]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silbergeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Neurosurg]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>820-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly - diagnostic and clinical dilemmas.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halabuda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwiatkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wyrobek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milczarek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gergont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Child&#8217;s Nerv Syst]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>551-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A rare case pf schizencephaly in an adult with late presentation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madanlal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pajnigara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Fam Med Prim Care]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>450-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Borderline personality features possible related to cingulated and orbitofrontal cortices dysfunction due to schizencephaly]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molloy-Diniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Neurol Neurosurg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>396-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Open-Lip Schizencephaly Associated with Bipolar Disorder in a Young Man Exposed in Utero to the Chernobyl Disaster.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comparelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambrosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Carolis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuropsychiatr]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>E34-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Latent Schizencephaly with Psychotic Phenotype or Schizophrenia with Schizencephaly? A case report and Review of the Literature]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tyls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulcova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohutova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryznarova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopecek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clin EEG Neurosci]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>13-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epilepsy in paediatric patients with schizencephaly.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopyta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skrzypek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raczkiewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bojar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarecka-Hujar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann off Agric Environ Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>279-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bilateral giant open-lip schizencephaly: A rare case report]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rege]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Neurosci.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>128-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schizencephaly in children: a singel medical center retrospective study.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Neonatol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>573-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epilepsy in schizencephaly: abnormal cortical organization studied by somatosensory evoked potentials]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vossler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsia]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>487-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemispherectomy for Catastrophic Epilepssy in Infants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez-Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotagal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsia]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1518-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integridad cognitiva y motora-sensorial en un niño conn esquizencefalia de labio abierto unilateral derecho: reporte de un caso]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Neurol Colomb]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Esquisencefalia. Estudio de 16 pacientes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pascual-Castroviejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pascual-Pascual]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velazquez-Fragua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiñones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neurologia]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>491-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
