<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2631-2581</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ecuatoriana de Neurología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Ecuat Neurol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2631-2581</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Médica Ecuatoriana de Neurología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2631-25812020000100053</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Niveles De Hemoglobina Y Anemia En Niños: Implicancias Para El Desarrollo De Las Funciones Ejecutivas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hemoglobin And Anemia Levels In Children: Implications For The Development Of Executive Functions]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zegarra-Valdivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan Adrián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viza Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Blanca Milagros]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arequipa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>53</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2631-25812020000100053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2631-25812020000100053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2631-25812020000100053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  La anemia es uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes en el mundo. En países en vías de desarrollo coexiste con la desnutrición, la falta de acceso a agua y saneamiento. En el Perú afecta a más del 40% de niños, alterando su funcionamiento cerebral y distintos procesos cognitivos durante su desarrollo, incluso hasta la vida adulta.  Objetivo:  Este estudio buscó [1] conocer los niveles de hemoglobina y la presencia de anemia en niños del área rural y urbana de Arequipa, así como otros indicadores de salud física, [2] comparar el nivel de desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas entre ambos grupos de niños, y [3] analizar si los niveles de hemoglobina predicen el desempeño cognitivo.  Método:  Se evaluaron a 49 sujetos (55% del medio rural, 46% niñas). Ambos grupos iniciaban la educación básica regular, se evaluaron distintas medidas ponderales, la hemoglobina (HemoCuer®) y saturación de oxígeno. Las funciones ejecutivas se evaluaron con el test BANFE.  Resultados:  Se encontraron niveles preocupantes de anemia en la zona rural de Arequipa, así como obesidad en los niños del área urbana. Distintos procesos de las funciones ejecutivas, especialmente del área neurofuncional dorsolateral se encontraron disminuidas en los niños del área rural, a pesar de tener un nivel educativo y socioeconómico similar. Finalmente, encontramos que los niveles de hemoglobina explicaban la varianza del puntaje correspondiente al área neurofuncional prefrontal dorsolateral en un 27%.  Conclusión:  La anemia condiciona el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en niños y niñas, generando graves consecuencias en su neurodesarrollo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Anemia is one of the most important health problems in the world. In developing countries; anemia coexists with malnutrition, lack of access to water, and sanitation. In Peru, more than 40% of children have anemia that affects their brain function and cognitive processes during their development, even to adult life.  Objective:  This study sought (1) to know the levels of hemoglobin and the presence of anemia in children in rural and urban Arequipa, as well as other indicators of physical health, (2) compare the level of development of executive functions between both groups of children, and (3) analyzes of hemoglobin levels predict the cognitive profile.  Method:  49 subjects were evaluated (55% from rural area, 46% girls). Both groups begin regular basic education, different weight measurements were evaluated, including hemoglobin (HemoCuer®) and O2 saturation. The executive functions were assessed with the BANFE test.  Results:  Disturbing levels of anemia have been found in the rural area of &#8203;&#8203;Arequipa, as well as obesity in children in the urban area. Different processes of executive functions, especially from dorsolateral area have been reduced in rural children; despite having a similar educational and socioeconomic level. Finally, we found that hemoglobin levels explained the 27% of the variance; corresponding to the dorsolateral prefrontal score.  Conclusion:  Anemia affects the development of executive functions in children, generating tombs consequences in their neurodevelopment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[BANFE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cognición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[función ejecutiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[población infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Perú.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BANFE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[executive function]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[child-population]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Peru.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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