<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2631-2581</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ecuatoriana de Neurología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Ecuat Neurol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2631-2581</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Médica Ecuatoriana de Neurología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2631-25812017000200191</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Obstructive Sleep Apnea and aberrant pneumatization of skull bones.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Apnea obstructiva del sueño y neumatizaciòn aberrante de huesos del cráneo.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Brutto MD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Espíritu Santo School of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Community Center of the Atahualpa Project  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Atahualpa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Sleep Disorders Center ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jacksonville Fl]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>191</fpage>
<lpage>193</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2631-25812017000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2631-25812017000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2631-25812017000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Objective: We aimed to assess the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and aberrant pneumatization of skull bones in Amerindians living in rural Ecuador.  Methods:  A random sample of community-dwelling individuals aged &#8805;60 years enrolled in the Atahualpa Project, were invited to undergo a single diagnostic night polysomnography (PSG) at the sleep unit of the Atahualpa Project Community Center. Exams were performed with an Embletta® X100&#8482; Comprehensive Portable PSG System. A board-certified sleep neurologist carried out analyses of sleep efficiency, architecture, arousal indexes, apnea/hypopnea index, oxygen saturation, heart rate and motor activity. CT readings were focused on the presence and distribution of pneumatization of intracranial bones, as assessed by CT with bone window settings.  Results:  Thirty-eight participants were included. Mean age was 74.5 ± 6.8 years and 25 (66%) were women. The apnea/hypopnea index ranged from 0.2 to 56 (mean 15.7 ± 14.6) episodes per hour. Fifteen persons (39%) had &#8805;10 episodes per hour and were considered to have OSA. Abnormal pneumatization of skull bones was noticed in six persons, included five out of 15 (33%) with OSA and one out of 23 (4%) without (p=0.027). Air was found in the temporal squamas in five (bilateral in four), the occipital bones in one, and in both the temporal squamas and the occipital bones in the remaining person.  Conclusion:  This study shows a significant association between OSA and aberrant pneumatization of skull bones. These findings are of potential clinical relevance, since these individuals could be at increased risk of painless fractures from minor trauma or may be prone to develop spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre apnea obstructiva de sueño y neumatización aberrante de huesos del cráneo en una población de Amerindios.  Métodos:  Una muestra aleatoria de adultos de 60 años o más enrolada en el Proyecto Atahualpa, fue invitada a realizarse una polisomnografía diagnóstica (una noche) en la Unidad de Sueño del Centro de Apoyo Comunitario del Proyecto Atahualpa. Los exámenes fueron realizados con una máquina portátil Embletta® X100&#8482;. Un neurólogo certificado en sueño realizó la lectura de todos los exámenes, con atención a eficiencia y arquitectura del sueño, índices de despertar, índice apnea-hipopnea, saturación de oxígeno, frecuencia cardiaca y actividad motora. La lecturas tomográficas se enfocaron en la presencia y distribución de neumatización aberrante de huesos del cráneo, valoradas con ventana ósea.  Resultados:  Se incluyeron 38 pacientes (edad media 74.5 ± 6.8 años, 66% mujeres). El índice apnea-hipopnea fluctuó entre 0.2 a 56 (promedio: 15.7 ± 14.6) episodios por hora. Quince participantes (39%) tuvieron &#8805;10 episodios por hora y fueron diagnosticados con apnea de sueño. Seis personas tuvieron neumatización aberrante de huesos craneales, incluyendo 5 de 15 (33%) con apnea de sueño y uno de 23 (4%) sin apnea de sueño (p=0.027). El aire se localizó en las escamas temporales en 5 casos, en los huesos occipitales en uno y en ambas localizaciones en la persona restante.  Conclusión:  Existe una asociación entre apnea de sueño y neumatización aberrante de huesos del cráneo. Estos hallazgos tienen relevancia clínica ya que estos individuos pueden tener riesgo aumentado de fracturas de cráneo luego de traumas menores o de desarrollar fístulas espontáneas de líquido cefalorraquídeo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Obstructive sleep apnea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pneumatization of skull bones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Valsalva maneuver]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Amerindians]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Apnea obstructiva del sueño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neumatizaciòn de huesos del cráneo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[maniobra de Valsalva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Amerindios]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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