<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2528-7907</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista San Gregorio]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista San Gregorio]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2528-7907</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2528-79072017000100016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[LA TRANSICIÓN HACIA UNA ECONOMÍA DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN ECUADOR]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[THE TRANSITION TO A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY IN ECUADOR]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macías Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo Alonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de León  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cambridge  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<fpage>16</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2528-79072017000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2528-79072017000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2528-79072017000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN A partir de una distinción entre las concepciones ortodoxas y heterodoxas de la economía del conocimiento, en este artículo se pretende articular la transición a economías del conocimiento donde la producción de este no se limite a lógicas intensivas basadas en estrategias de clusterización y apropiación privada. Tomando como referencia el pensamiento del sociólogo Gabriel Tarde, se concibe la producción de conocimiento como resultado de la interacción entre la multiplicidad de agentes que conforman una sociedad. A raíz de la puesta en marcha de la &#8216;ciudad del conocimiento&#8217; llamada &#8216;Yachay&#8217;, nos preguntamos hacia qué economía del conocimiento se dirige Ecuador, sus implicaciones y su potencial para solucionar algunos de los desafíos que enfrenta el país.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This paper explores forms of transitioning towards knowledge economies that go beyond the models of knowledge production based on private appropriation and the creation of clusters. First, it distinguishes between heterodox and orthodox conceptions of knowledge economies. Then, drawing on the thoughts of sociologist Gabriel Tarde, it sets out a conception of knowledge production as the result of the cooperation between a multiplicity of social actors. we inquire into the sort of transition towards a knowledge economy that is taking place in Ecuador by analyzing the creation of the &#8216;knowledge-city&#8217; of Yachai, analyzing its implications and potential to solve some of the most demanding challenges the country faces.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Economía del conocimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Clúster]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Yachay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gabriel Tarde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Knowledge Economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cluster]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Yachay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gabriel Tarde]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esben Sloth]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bengt-Åke]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Small national systems of innovation facing technological revolutions: an analytical framework]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christopher]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bengt-Ake]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Small countries facing the technological revolution]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pinter]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becattini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Giacomo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rullani]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sistema locale e mercato globale]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cossentino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pyke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sengenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Le risposte locali e regionali alla pressione globale: il caso dell&#8217; Italia e dei suoi distretti industriali]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Milano ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The new spirit of capitalism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boltanski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luc]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiapello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eve]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>161-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonomi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rullani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Il capitalismo personale: vite al lavoro]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Torino ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Einaudi]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brinkley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Defining the knowledge economy]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The work foundation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sistema Nacional de Innovación y complejidad: Una evaluación crítica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía informa]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>352</volume>
<page-range>104-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The economy of qualities]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méadel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cécile]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabeharisoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vololona]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economy and society]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>194-217</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cimoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reformas estructurales, brechas tecnológicas y el pensamiento del Dr. Prebisch]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DDPE, CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technologies as problem-solving procedures and technologies as input- output relations: some perspectives on the theory of production]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Giovanni]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial and Corporate Change]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>173-202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and &#8220;Mode 2&#8221; to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etzkowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leydesdorff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research Policy]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>109-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Knowledge Based Economy]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OCDE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The knowledge-based economy: from the economics of knowledge to the learning economy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dominique]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bengt-Ake]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Unemployment and growth in the knowledge-based economy]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The &#8216;National System of Innovation&#8217;in historical perspective]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chris]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cambridge Journal of economics]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transfer sciences: management of distributed knowledge production]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibbons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Empirica]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>259-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grazzini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrico]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[L&#8217;economia della conoscenza oltre il capitalismo: crisi dei ceti medi e rivoluzione lunga]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Torino ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Codice]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Commonwealth]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rebel cities: from the right to the city to the urban revolution]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London; New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Verso Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Naomi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[No logo]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Flamingo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lépinay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vincent Antonin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[L&#8217;économie, science des intérêts passionnés: introduction à l&#8217;anthropologie économique de Gabriel Tarde]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Découverte]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazzarato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maurizio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Por una política menor: Acontecimiento y política en las sociedades de control]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Traficantes de sueños]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazzarato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maurizio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Puissances de l&#8217;invention: la psychologie économique de Gabriel Tarde contre l&#8217;économie politique]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Empêcheurs de penser en rond]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazzarato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Virno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Immaterial labour]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Minneapolis ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Minnesota Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capitalisme, désir et servitude]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Fabrique]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[National systems of production, innovation and competence building]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bengt-Åke]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research policy]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>213-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The king is dead, long live the king]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Giles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Brand Management]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>193-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Violence of Financial Capitalism]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capital and language: from the new economy to the war economy]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Los Angeles ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge: Semiotext(e)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Coordinación de la Producción, Empleo y Competitividad</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Agenda para la Transformación Productiva]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro Arancegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mikel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los sistemas nacionales de innovación: una revisión de la literatura]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IAIF, Universidad Complutense de Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[National systems of innovation: in search of a workable concept]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Technology in society]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>207-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasquinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Ideology of Free culture and the Grammar of Sabotage]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Education in the creative economy: knowledge and learning in the age of innovation]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Peter Lang]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The competitive advantage of nations: with a new introduction]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Free Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Yachai: Elefante Blanco o Joya de la Corona (Working Paper)]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge economy and local development: the evolution of industrial districts and the new role of &#8216;urban networks]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rullani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[&#8221;. Review of Economic Conditions in Italy]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>237-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rullani]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[L&#8217;Economia della Conoscenza]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rullani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El capitalismo cognitivo: ¿un déjàvu?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blondeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Cedillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capitalismo cognitivo, propiedad intelectual y creación colectiva]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Traficantes de sueños]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El reposicionamiento de las ciudades y regiones urbanas en una economía global: ampliando las opciones de políticas y gobernanza]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saskia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[EURE]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>100</numero>
<issue>100</issue>
<page-range>9-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The craftsman]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SENPLADES</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan Nacional de Desarrollo/Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir 2013-2017]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SENPLADES]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Re-inventing invention: new tendencies in capitalist commodification]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thrift]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nigel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economy and Society]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>279-306</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vital strategies: Maurizio Lazzarato and the metaphysics of contemporary capitalism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toscano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Theory, Culture &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>71-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The new articulation of wages, rent and profit in cognitive capitalism.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vercellone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Art of Rent]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Queen Mary University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vessuri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hebe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El futuro nos alcanza: mutaciones previsibles de la ciencia y la tecnología]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gazzola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Didriksson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alex]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tendencias de la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;¿Hacia donde va el proyecto Universitario de la Revolución Ciudadana?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[VV.AA., El correísmo al desnudo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Montecristi Vive]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The institutional structuring of innovation strategies: business systems, firm types and patterns of technical change in different market economies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Organization Studies]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>855-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Willem van]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Creating knowledge locations in cities: innovation and integration challenges]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London; New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
