<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2477-9075</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Economía y Política]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Economía y Política]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2477-9075</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Cuenca]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2477-90752022000200139</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[&#8220;Estimación del tamaño de la economía sombra: evidencia empírica para Ecuador, Perú y Colombia&#8221;]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&#8220;Estimation of the size of the shadow economy: Empirical evidence for Ecuador, Peru and Colombia&#8221;]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geovanny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cuenca  Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Carrera de Economía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Av. 12 de Abril y Av. Loja, 010203, Cuenca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,cesar.mendoza@ucuenca.edu.ec  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>36</numero>
<fpage>139</fpage>
<lpage>171</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2477-90752022000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2477-90752022000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2477-90752022000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo estima el tamaño de la Economía Sombra (ES) utilizando modelos autorregresivos de rezagos distribuidos (ARDL) y ecuaciones estructurales para Ecuador, Perú y Colombia. Son dos los enfoques usados en el estudio: i) demanda de dinero (periodo 1985-2017) y ii) múltiples indicadores múltiples causas (MIMIC) (periodo 1995-2017). Bajo el primer enfoque, el tamaño de la ES estimado como porcentaje del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) para Ecuador fue del 37%, para Perú 62% y para Colombia del 52%. Bajo el segundo enfoque, el tamaño de la ES estimado como porcentaje del PIB en Ecuador, Perú y Colombia fue del orden del 40%, 77% y 50%, respectivamente. Nuestros resultados tienen importantes implicaciones de política pública, al parecer una carga tributaria creciente combinada con una excesiva intensidad de las regulaciones y el desempleo, son las fuerzas que estarían impulsando el crecimiento de la ES en estos países.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Economía Sombra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Demanda de Dinero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelo Múltiples Indicadores Múltiples Causas (MIMIC)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelo Autorregresivo de Retardos Distribuidos (ARDL)]]></kwd>
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