<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-8634</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universitas-XXI, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Universitas]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-8634</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Politécnica Salesiana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-86342025000100167</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17163/uni.n42.2025.07</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis sistemático sobre la eficiencia comunicativa entre chatbots basados en reglas y modelos de lenguaje natural]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Systematic analysis of communicative efficiency between rule-based chatbots and natural language models]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garzón-Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mao]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campo-Saltos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo Del]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loor-Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Ecotec Humane tecnológico universitario de negocios ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Milagro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>42</numero>
<fpage>167</fpage>
<lpage>192</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-86342025000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-86342025000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-86342025000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El estudio se fundamentó en una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre las eficiencias comunicativas de los chatbots basados en reglas y aquellos basados en modelos de lenguaje natural con inteligencia artificial. Se analizaron 175 documentos como base para esta revisión. También se incluyó una breve historia del primer chatbot registrado, denominado ELIZA en 1966, que dio paso al desarrollo de los chatbots basados en reglas. Además, se profundizó en los argumentos que sostienen las notables diferencias entre los chatbots basados en reglas y los basados en modelos de lenguaje. En ese sentido, se revelaron diferencias significativas entre ambos tipos. Los sistemas basados en reglas son herramientas simples y económicas, óptimas para tareas repetitivas y estructuradas, pero limitadas para manejar interacciones complejas. Mientras que los asistentes impulsados por modelos de lenguaje natural ofrecen interacciones más adaptativas y personalizadas, aunque requieren una inversión significativa en datos y desarrollo. De acuerdo al estudio, la elección entre ambos enfoques depende del contexto de aplicación, los recursos disponibles y las necesidades específicas de la organización. Además, los resultados evidencian la evolución de los asistentes conversacionales y su impacto en diversos sectores, en ese sentido, los resultados permiten explorar cómo las tendencias tecnológicas emergentes, como los modelos avanzados de procesamiento de lenguaje natural, pueden ampliar la eficiencia y la aplicabilidad de estos sistemas, enfrentando a la vez desafíos éticos y técnicos asociados con su implementación en diversas industrias.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The study was grounded in a systematic literature review on the communicative efficiencies of rule-based conversational agents and those powered by natural language models with artificial intelligence. A total of 175 documents were analyzed as the basis for this review. Additionally, a historical analysis of the first recorded conversational agent, ELIZA, developed in 1966, was included, highlighting its pivotal role in the emergence of rule-based systems. The study also delved into the arguments underpinning the significant differences between rule-based conversational agents and those leveraging natural language models. These differences revealed that rule-based systems are simple and cost-effective tools, ideal for repetitive and structured tasks, yet constrained in managing complex interactions. Conversely, agents powered by natural language models enable more adaptive and personalized interactions, albeit requiring substantial investment in data and development. According to the findings, the choice between these approaches depends on the application context, available resources, and the specific needs of the organization. Furthermore, the research underscored the evolution of conversational agents and their transformative impact across various sectors. In this regard, the results open pathways to explore how emerging technological trends, such as advanced natural language processing models, can enhance the efficiency and applicability of these systems while addressing the ethical and technical challenges associated with their implementation in diverse industries.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chatbots]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[procesamiento del lenguaje natural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comunicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inteligencia artificial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PLN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chatbots]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural language processing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[communication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[artificial intelligence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[NLP]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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