<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-860X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingenius. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ingenius]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-860X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Politécnica Salesiana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-860X2023000200090</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17163/ings.n30.2023.08</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[AVANCES Y ESTRATEGIAS PARA MEJORAR EL DESEMPEÑO DEL BIODIÉSEL EN MOTOR DIÉSEL]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ADVANCES AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF BIODIESEL IN DIESEL ENGINE]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riojas-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor-Hugo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bortoni-Anzures]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liborio-Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan-Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica de Victoria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Facultad de Ciencias Químicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Saltillo, Coahuila ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>30</numero>
<fpage>90</fpage>
<lpage>105</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-860X2023000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-860X2023000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-860X2023000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La demanda de diésel en vehículos pesados se incrementa cada año en el mundo. El posible uso de combustibles alternativos como el biodiésel tiene algunas desventajas como el menor valor calorífico y su mayor viscosidad, por esta razón se requiere mejorar sus propiedades, optimizando el comportamiento de la combustión en el motor y en la reducción de las emisiones. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación es explorar las diferentes mezclas que puedan ayudar a mejorar el uso del biodiésel a través de las estrategias y avances que se han generado con el propósito de beneficiar el desempeño del motor diésel. Entre las distintas estrategias de mejoramiento del biodiésel están las mezclas de distintos bioaceites (aceites vegetales, de pirólisis y usado de cocina), mezclas del biodiésel con alcohol, con hidrógeno, el biodiésel como combustible piloto, las emulsiones del biodiésel con agua y la aplicación del biodiésel con antioxidantes, nanotubos y nanopartículas. Se concluye que para poder usar actualmente el biodiésel se lo haría con la combustión dual, en donde este representaría el combustible piloto (10 % o 20 % del combustible total del motor). Con esta estrategia se puede impulsar a otros combustibles (líquidos y gaseosos) en la combustión dual, para que con el paso del tiempo se encuentre la mezcla óptima que sea la mejor opción para el motor diésel.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  The demand for diesel in heavy vehicles is increasing every year in the world, the possible use of alternative fuels such as biodiesel has some disadvantages such as the lower calorific value and its greater viscosity, for this reason biodiesel needs to improve its properties, optimising combustion behavior in the engine and helping to reduce emissions. The objective of the research work is to explore the different mixtures that can help improve the use of biodiesel through the strategies and advances that have been generated with the purpose of benefiting the performance of the diesel engine. Different biodiesel improvement strategies include blends of different biooils (vegetable oils, pyrolysis oils and used cooking oil), blends of biodiesel with alcohol, biodiesel as pilot fuel, biodiesel emulsions with water, biodiesel blends with hydrogen and the application of biodiesel with antioxidants, nanotubes and nanoparticles. It is concluded that to be able to use biodiesel currently is applying dual combustion, where biodiesel would represent as pilot fuel (10% or 20% of total engine fuel), with this strategy can be propelled to other fuels (liquid and gaseous) in dual combustion, so that over time the optimal blend of biodiesel is found and is the best choice for the diesel engine.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biodiésel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[motores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mezclas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aceites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[combustión dual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emulsiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biodiesel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[engines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mixtures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oils]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dual combustion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emulsions]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The outlook for fuels for internal combustion engines]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalghatgi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Engine Research]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol. 15</volume>
<numero>no. 4</numero>
<issue>no. 4</issue>
<page-range>pp. 383-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developments in internal combustion engines and implications for combustion science and future transport fuels]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalghatgi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Combustion Institute]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 35</volume>
<numero>no. 1</numero>
<issue>no. 1</issue>
<page-range>pp. 101-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Composite sustainable indicators framework for cost assessment of land transport mode in lebanon cities]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barraj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Attalah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Transportation Technologies]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 8</volume>
<page-range>pp. 232-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of additives on properties, performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rashedul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masjuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashraful]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashrafur Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol. 88</volume>
<page-range>pp. 348-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine performance with palm biodiesel-diesel blended fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 86</volume>
<page-range>pp. 59-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biodiesel and renewable diesel: A comparison]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knothe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Energy and Combustion Science]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>vol. 36</volume>
<numero>no. 3</numero>
<issue>no. 3</issue>
<page-range>pp. 364-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Energy and exergy analyses of a diesel engine fuelled with various biodiesels]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canakci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>vol. 1</volume>
<numero>no. 4</numero>
<issue>no. 4</issue>
<page-range>pp. 379-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biodiesel production process optimization from pithecellobium dulce seed oil: Performance, combustion, and emission analysis on compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel blends]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandra Sekhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karuppasamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vedaraman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kabeel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sathyamurthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elkelawy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alm ElDin Bastawissi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 161</volume>
<page-range>pp. 141-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine operating on neat orange oil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purushothaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagarajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>vol. 34</volume>
<numero>no. 1</numero>
<issue>no. 1</issue>
<page-range>pp. 242-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of engine combustion and emission performance fuelled with neat pode and pode/diesel blend]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q. H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Xi&#8217;an Jiaotong University]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 51</volume>
<numero>no. 3</numero>
<issue>no. 3</issue>
<page-range>pp. 32-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on a diesel engine fuelled with palm-biodiesel,&#8221; Energy Procedia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yasin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yusop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paruka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yusaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Najafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[clean, Efficient and Affordable Energy for a Sustainable Future: The 7th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2015)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 75</volume>
<page-range>pp. 30-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of exhaust gas recirculation and ethyl hexyl nitrate additive on biodiesel fuelled diesel engine for the reduction of noxemissions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venkateswarlu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. S. R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subbarao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Energy]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>vol. 6</volume>
<numero>no. 3</numero>
<issue>no. 3</issue>
<page-range>pp. 304-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance of compression ignition engine with mahua (madhuca indica) biodiesel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raheman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghadge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>vol. 86</volume>
<numero>no. 16</numero>
<issue>no. 16</issue>
<page-range>pp. 2568-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pine oil-biodiesel blends: A double biofuel strategy to completely eliminate the use of diesel in a diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallinayagam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vedharaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Energy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol. 130</volume>
<page-range>pp. 466-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of diesel engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics fuelled with dual fuel blends]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 125</volume>
<page-range>pp. 501-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance, emission and combustion improvements in a direct injection diesel engine using cashew nut shell oil as fuel with camphor oil blending,&#8221; Energy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasiraman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagalingam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balakrishnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Asia-Pacific Forum on Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>vol. 47,</volume>
<numero>no. 1</numero>
<issue>no. 1</issue>
<page-range>pp. 116-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of dual bio-fuel (jatropha biodiesel and turpentine oil) on a single cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine without egr]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Thermal Engineering]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 115</volume>
<page-range>pp. 1137-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential for using a tyre pyrolysis oil-biodiesel blend in a diesel engine at different compression ratios]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murugan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 93</volume>
<page-range>pp. 289-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fuel spray and combustion characteristics of butanol blends in a constant volume combustion chamber,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 105</volume>
<page-range>pp. 1059-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with ethanol-biodiesel blends]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>vol. 90</volume>
<numero>no. 5</numero>
<issue>no. 5</issue>
<page-range>pp. 1743-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blends on the performance indicators of a diesel engine: A study by response surface modeling]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khoobbakht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kheiralipour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Thermal Engineering]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>vol. 148</volume>
<page-range>pp. 1385-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigation on effect of ethanol and di-ethyl ether addition on the spray characteristics of diesel/biodiesel blends under high injection pressure,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 218</volume>
<page-range>pp. 1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative study of C4 and C5 alcohol treated diesel-biodiesel blends in terms of diesel engine performance and exhaust emission]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imdadul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masjuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zulkifli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 179</volume>
<page-range>pp. 281-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles in biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blends at various injection strategies: Performance, combustion and emission characteristics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madhavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 186</volume>
<page-range>pp. 176-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of ethanol blending with biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a CI engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aydin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ilk&#305;l&#305;ç]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Thermal Engineering]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>vol. 30</volume>
<numero>no. 10</numero>
<issue>no. 10</issue>
<page-range>pp. 1199-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative assessment of a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine with rice bran oil methyl ester, pongamia oil methyl ester and palm oil methyl ester as pilot fuels]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 81</volume>
<page-range>pp. 490-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of physicochemical properties of biodiesel fuel blends with alcohol on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions: A review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaharin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Najafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharudin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yusaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 79</volume>
<page-range>475-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of different diesterol (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blends on small air-cooled diesel engine performance and its exhaust gases,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noorollahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azadbakht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghobadian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 142</volume>
<page-range>pp. 196-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-butanol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 155</volume>
<page-range>pp. 957-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of using ethanol-biodiesel-diesel fuel in single cylinder diesel engine to engine performance and emissions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayd&#305;n]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ö&#711;gu&#776;t]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 103</volume>
<page-range>pp. 688-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of hydrogen on ethanol-biodiesel blend on performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine,&#8221; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parthasarathy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[oshuaRamesh Lalvani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Isaac]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhinesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annamalai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Green Technologies for Environmental Pollution Control and Prevention (Part 2)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 134</volume>
<page-range>pp. 433-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The cold flow performance and the combustion characteristics with ethanol blended biodiesel fuel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[in Powertrain &amp; Fluid Systems Conference &amp; Exhibition]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAE International]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An experimental study of combustion, performance, exergy and emission characteristics of a ci engine fueled by diesel-ethanol-biodiesel blends]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 141</volume>
<page-range>pp. 839-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance, emission and combustion characteristic of a multicylinder DI diesel engine running on diesel-ethanol-biodiesel blends of high ethanol content,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Energy]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>vol. 88</volume>
<numero>no. 12</numero>
<issue>no. 12</issue>
<page-range>pp. 5042-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of particulate emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with higher alcohols/biodiesel blends]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.-H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balasubramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 163</volume>
<page-range>pp. 71-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Premixed charge of n-butanol coupled with direct injection of biodiesel for an advantageous Soot-NOx tradeoff]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soloiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duggan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochieng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vlcek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SAE 2013 World Congress &amp; Exhibition. SAE International]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study on combustion and emissions of a turbocharged compression ignition engine fueled with dimethyl ether and biodiesel blends,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Energy Institute]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol. 87</volume>
<numero>no. 2</numero>
<issue>no. 2</issue>
<page-range>pp. 102-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of pentanol addition on the particulate emission characteristics of a biodiesel operated diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 209</volume>
<page-range>pp. 132-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of the addition of 1-pentanol on engine performance and emission characteristics of diesel and biodiesel fuelled single cylinder diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sridhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeevahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandrasekaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Ambient Energy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>vol. 41</volume>
<numero>no. 1</numero>
<issue>no. 1</issue>
<page-range>pp. 58-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Engine performance and emission characteristics of 1-octanol blended bio-diesel in a single cylinder diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sriram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeevahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mageshwaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joseph]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durairaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Mechanical and Production]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 7</volume>
<numero>no. 6</numero>
<issue>no. 6</issue>
<page-range>pp. 623-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quaternary blends of diesel, biodiesel, higher alcohols and vegetable oil in a compression ignition engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yilmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atmanli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vigil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 212</volume>
<page-range>pp. 462-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol and biodiesel-dieseln-hexanol blends on diesel engine emission and combustion characteristics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 133</volume>
<page-range>pp. 761-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of diethyl ether (DEE) injection on combustion performance and emission characteristics of karanja methyl ester (kme)-biogas fueled dual fuel diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murugan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 164</volume>
<page-range>pp. 286-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Butanol and pentanol: The promising biofuels for CI engines - a review,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinod Babu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madhu Murthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prasad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G. Amba]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 78</volume>
<page-range>pp. 1068-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clean development mechanism potential of compression ignition diesel engines using gaseous fuels in dual fuel mode]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Jatropha oil and biogas in a dual fuel CI engine for rural electrification]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luijten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerkhof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>vol. 52</volume>
<numero>no. 2</numero>
<issue>no. 2</issue>
<page-range>pp. 1426-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Durability studies of single cylinder diesel engine running on emulsion fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasannuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aizam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirofumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azrin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 94</volume>
<page-range>pp. 557-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An assessment of combustion, performance characteristics and emission control strategy by adding anti-oxidant additive in emulsified fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramalingam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kandasamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balasubramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[James Thadhani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atmospheric Pollution Research]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 9</volume>
<numero>no. 5</numero>
<issue>no. 5</issue>
<page-range>pp. 959-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance, emissions and lubricant oil analysis of diesel engine running on emulsion fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasannuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syaidatul Aqma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Wan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdul Hadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirofumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aizam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azrin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 117</volume>
<page-range>pp. 548-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An overview on comparative engine performance and emission characteristics of different techniques involved in diesel engine as dual-fuel engine operation,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abedin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masjuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruhul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 60</volume>
<page-range>pp. 306-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigation on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of biogas-biodiesel dual-fuel combustion in a ciengine,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>vol. 92</volume>
<numero>no. 5</numero>
<issue>no. 5</issue>
<page-range>pp. 992-1000</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Applications of bio-oil-based emulsions in a DI diesel engine: The effects of bio-oil compositions on engine performance and emissions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 154</volume>
<page-range>pp. 110-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigation on diesel engine with diestrol-water micro emulsions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kannan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>vol. 36</volume>
<numero>no. 3</numero>
<issue>no. 3</issue>
<page-range>pp. 1680-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance and NOx emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-diesel-water nanoemulsions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>vol. 109</volume>
<page-range>pp. 70-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emissions from large-scale medium-speed diesel engines: 1. influence of engine operation mode and turbocharger]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fogelholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zevenhoven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>vol. 89</volume>
<numero>no. 5</numero>
<issue>no. 5</issue>
<page-range>pp. 510-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigation on a diesel engine fueled with bio-oil derived from waste wood-biodiesel emulsions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prakash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murugan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>vol. 55</volume>
<page-range>pp. 610-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental studies on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using different biodiesel bio oil emulsions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Energy Institute]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 88</volume>
<numero>no. 1</numero>
<issue>no. 1</issue>
<page-range>pp. 64-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of compressed natural gas dual fuel operation with diesel and pongamia pinnata methyl ester (PPME) as pilot fuels on performance and emission characteristics of a CI (compression ignition) engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Debroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol. 68</volume>
<page-range>pp. 495-509</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hydrogen supplemented natural gas effect on a DI diesel engine operating under dual fuel mode with a biodiesel pilot fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarabet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lounici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loubar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khiari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouguessa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tazerout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 43</volume>
<numero>no. 11</numero>
<issue>no. 11</issue>
<page-range>pp. 5961-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of pilot injection pressure on the combustion and emissions characteristics in a diesel engine using biodiesel-CNG dual fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>vol. 76</volume>
<page-range>pp. 506-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a dual fuel engine with diesel-ethanol - cotton seed oil methyl ester blends and compressed natural gas (CNG) as fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senthilraja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sivakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thirugnanasambandham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nedunchezhian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol.112</volume>
<page-range>pp. 899-907</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigations of effects of hydrogen blended CNG on performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of a biodiesel fueled reactivity controlled compression ignition engine (RCCI)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 42</volume>
<numero>no. 7</numero>
<issue>no. 7</issue>
<page-range>pp. 4548-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comprehensive review on utilization of hydrogen in a compression ignition engine under dual fuel mode]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chintala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 70</volume>
<page-range>pp. 472-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vibration, noise and exhaust emissions analyses of an unmodified compression ignition engine fuelled with low sulphur diesel and biodiesel blends with hydrogen addition,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uludamar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayd&#305;n]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 41</volume>
<numero>no. 26</numero>
<issue>no. 26</issue>
<page-range>pp. 11 481-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hydrogen dual-fuelling of compression ignition engines with emulsified biodiesel as pilot fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korakianitis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Namasivayam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crookes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>vol. 35</volume>
<numero>no. 24</numero>
<issue>no. 24</issue>
<page-range>pp. 13 329-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of hydrogen to enhance the performance of a vegetable oil fuelled compression ignition engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senthil Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagalingam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>vol. 28</volume>
<numero>no. 10</numero>
<issue>no. 10</issue>
<page-range>pp. 1143-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance of CI engine operating with hydrogen supplement co-combustion with jojoba methyl ester]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamdan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 41</volume>
<numero>no. 24</numero>
<issue>no. 24</issue>
<page-range>pp. 10 255-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study of production optimization and effect of hydroxyl gas on a CI engine performance and emission fueled with biodiesel blends]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masjuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruhul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mustafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>vol. 41</volume>
<numero>no. 33</numero>
<issue>no. 33</issue>
<page-range>pp. 14 519-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of a hydrogen-assisted combustion system for a light-duty diesel vehicle]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGuire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>vol. 33</volume>
<numero>no. 23</numero>
<issue>no. 23</issue>
<page-range>pp. 7237-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Studies on the effect of hydrogen induction on performance, emission and combustion behaviour of a WCO emulsion based dual fuel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senthil Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaikumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Hydrogen Energy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol. 39</volume>
<numero>no. 32</numero>
<issue>no. 32</issue>
<page-range>pp. 18 440-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reduction of GHGs emissions in a biodiesel fueled diesel engine using hydrogen]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chintala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuels; Numerical Simulation; Engine Design, Lubrication, and Applications]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>volume 2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of aromatic amine antioxidants on NOx emissions from a soybean biodiesel powered DI diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varatharajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheralathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>vol.106</volume>
<page-range>pp. 526-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of antioxidant on the oxidation stability and combustion-performance-emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel blend]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rashedul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masjuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[How]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizwanul Fattah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 106</volume>
<page-range>pp. 849-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The characteristics of performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using a biodiesel with antioxidants,&#8221; Bioresource Technology]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Supplement Issue on Recent Developments of Biomass Conversion Technologies]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>vol. 101</volume>
<numero>no. 1</numero>
<issue>no. 1</issue>
<page-range>pp. S78-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance and emissions of a diesel engine using sunflower biodiesel with a renewable antioxidant additive from bio-oil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dueso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-Lalaguna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bautista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 234</volume>
<page-range>pp. 276-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance and emission characteristics of a ci engine fuelled with carbon nanotubes and diesel-biodiesel blends]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosseini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taghizadeh-Alisarae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghobadian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbaszadeh-Mayvan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 111</volume>
<page-range>pp. 201-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combustion characteristics, engine performances and emissions of a diesel engine using nanoparticle-diesel fuel blends with aluminium oxide, carbon nanotubes and silicon oxide,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akmal Adzmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Othman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamaruzzaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mrwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Conversion and Management]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 171</volume>
<page-range>pp. 461-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A novel soluble nano-catalysts in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirzajanzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabatabaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardjmand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rashidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghobadian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barkhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazouki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 139</volume>
<page-range>pp. 374-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute inhalation toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles in rats,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srinivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selvam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicology Letters]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>vol. 205</volume>
<numero>no. 2</numero>
<issue>no. 2</issue>
<page-range>pp. 105-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Novel environmentally friendly fuel: The effects of nanographene oxide additives on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines fuelled with ailanthus altissima biodiesel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoseini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Najafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghobadian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yusaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 125</volume>
<page-range>pp. 283-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental effect of ci engine using microalgae methyl ester with doped nano additives]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karthikeyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prathima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 50</volume>
<page-range>pp. 385-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance and emission characteristics of a C.I. engine fuelled with diesel and TiO2 nanoparticles as fuel additive,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Materials Today: Proceedings]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 2</volume>
<numero>no. 4</numero>
<issue>no. 4</issue>
<page-range>pp. 3728-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of nano metal oxide blended mahua biodiesel on CRDI diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aalam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saravanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ain Shams Engineering Journal]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>vol. 8</volume>
<numero>no. 4</numero>
<issue>no. 4</issue>
<page-range>pp. 689-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle addition in diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selvan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[A. r b]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Udayakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>vol. 4</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of alumina nanoparticles, ethanol and isopropanol blend as additive with diesel-soybean biodiesel blend fuel: Combustion, engine performance and emissions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velraj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Renewable Energy]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>vol. 80</volume>
<page-range>pp. 655-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of nanoparticle additives to biodiesel for improvement of the performance and exhaust emissions in a compression ignition engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Özgu&#776;r]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Özcanli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aydin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Green Energy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 12</volume>
<numero>no. 1</numero>
<issue>no. 1</issue>
<page-range>pp. 51-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of nano-fuel additive on emission reduction in a biodiesel fuelled CI engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gowrishankar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>pp. 3453-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel/diesel blends with additives]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senthur Prabu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asokan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sreelekh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energy]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>vol. 122</volume>
<page-range>pp. 638-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using carbon nanotubes blended jatropha methyl ester emulsions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadhik Basha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alexandria Engineering Journal]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol. 53</volume>
<numero>no. 2</numero>
<issue>no. 2</issue>
<page-range>pp. 259-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigations on a diesel engine fuelled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes blended biodiesel fuels,&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tewari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banapurmath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaliwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol. 4</volume>
<page-range>pp. 129-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of cnt as additive with biodiesel on the performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gnanasikamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of ChemTech Research]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>vol. 7</volume>
<page-range>pp. 1230-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes as fuel-borne additives in diesterol blends on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>vol.130</volume>
<page-range>pp. 160-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biodiesel with nano additives from coconut shell for decreasing emissions in diesel engines]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinukumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azhagurajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vettivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vedaraman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haiter Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>vol. 222</volume>
<page-range>pp. 180-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
