<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-860X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingenius. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ingenius]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-860X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Politécnica Salesiana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-860X2022000100096</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17163/ings.n27.2022.09</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Un enfoque de aprendizaje profundo para estimar la frecuencia respiratoria del fotopletismograma]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Deep Learning Approach to Estimate the Respiratory Rate from Photoplethysmogram]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lampier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucas C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yves L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caldeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliete M. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastos-Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teodiano F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>27</numero>
<fpage>96</fpage>
<lpage>104</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-860X2022000100096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-860X2022000100096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-860X2022000100096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo presenta una metodología para entrenar y probar una red neuronal profunda (Deep Neural Network &#8211; DNN) con datos de fotopletismografías (Photoplethysmography &#8211; PPG), con la finalidad de llevar a cabo una tarea de regresión para estimar la frecuencia respiratoria (Respiratory Rate &#8211; RR). La arquitectura de la DNN está basada en un modelo utilizado para inferir la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) a partir de señales PPG ruidosas. Dicho modelo se ha optimizado a través de algoritmos genéticos. En las pruebas realizadas se usaron BIDMC y CapnoBase, dos conjuntos de datos de acceso abierto. Con CapnoBase, la DNN logró un error de la mediana de 1,16 respiraciones/min, que es comparable con los métodos analíticos reportados en la literatura, donde el mejor error es 1,1 respiraciones/min (excluyendo el 8 % de datos más ruidosos). Por otro lado, el conjunto de datos BIDMC aparenta ser más desafiante, ya que el error mínimo de la mediana de los métodos reportados en la literatura es de 2,3 respiraciones/min (excluyendo el 6 % de datos más ruidosos). Para este conjunto de datos la DNN logra un error de mediana de 1,52 respiraciones / min]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article describes the methodology used to train and test a Deep Neural Network (DNN) with Photoplethysmography (PPG) data performing a regression task to estimate the Respiratory Rate (RR). The DNN architecture is based on a model used to infer the heart rate (HR) from noisy PPG signals, which is optimized to the RR problem using genetic optimization. Two open-access datasets were used in the tests, the BIDMC and the CapnoBase. With the CapnoBase dataset, the DNN achieved a median error of 1.16 breaths/min, which is comparable with analytical methods in the literature, in which the best error found is 1.1 breaths/min (excluding the 8 % noisiest data). The BIDMC dataset seems to be more challenging, as the minimum median error of the literature&#8217;s methods is 2.3 breaths/min (excluding 6 % of the noisiest data), and the DNN based approach achieved a median error of 1.52 breaths/min with the whole dataset.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[redes neuronales profundas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fotopletismografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frecuencia respiratoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Deep Neural Networks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Photoplethysmography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Respiratory Rate]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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