<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-8596</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[LA GRANJA. Revista de Ciencias de la Vida ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[La Granja]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-8596</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Politécnica Salesiana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-85962025000100100</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17163/lgr.n41.2025.06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fotobiorreactor urbano para el secuestro de CO2 y la producción de biomasa microalgal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Urban photobioreactor for CO2 sequestration and microalgal biomass production]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehmood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ali]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mustafa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aqsa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iqbal]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Engineering Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Engineering Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Engineering Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Engineering Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>100</fpage>
<lpage>117</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-85962025000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-85962025000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-85962025000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El sistema de crecimiento de fotobiorreactores (PBRs) de microalgas es de gran interés pues es un método viable y sostenible para generar biomasa de calidad destinada a productos de valor agregado y biocombustibles. En este estudio se cultivó la especie de microalga Chlorella vulgaris en un fotobiorreactor diseñado, fabricado y alimentado por un sistema de energía solar. Se compararon tres condiciones experimentales con proporciones de 1:4 de cultivo de microalgas (40 L) y agua fresca (10 L), utilizando 100 mL de medio (nutrientes) en cada experimento: un experimento control (aireación con aire ambiente, experimento # 1), la inyección de 200 g de CO2 durante 15 segundos (experimento # 2), y la inyección de 300 g de CO2 durante 25 segundos (experimento # 3) en días alternos durante el periodo de cultivo. Todos los experimentos mostraron una reducción en la concentración de nutrientes (ortofosfato y nitrato) y un aumento en la productividad de biomasa tras un periodo de cultivo de 10 días. Los experimentos 1, 2 y 3 mostraron remociones de ortofosfato del 50 %, 41,74 % y 60,78 %, respectivamente, mientras que la remoción de nitrato fue del 22 %, 48 % y 58 %. La productividad de biomasa en los experimentos 1, 2 y 3 tras 10 días de cultivo fue de 196,63 mg/L, 203,43 mg/L y 318,76 mg/L, respectivamente. El análisis estadístico reveló que el suministro de CO2 desde una fuente externa en los experimentos # 2 y # 3 sigue un patrón similar de significancia estadística, con una correlación entre ambos grupos de medias y un valor de p de 6 306 × 10 &#8722;14 . La mayor biomasa de microalgas fue recuperada del experimento # 3, con un contenido proteico del 7,98 % en peso y un contenido lipídico del 37,4 % en peso (1,87 g/5 g de biomasa seca). El estudio cinético mostró que las capacidades de transferencia volumétrica de masa de K O 2 y KC O 2 fueron de 1 763× 10 &#8722;7 m 3 /s y 1 676× 10 &#8722;7 m 3 /s, respectivamente, siendo más eficiente la capacidad de transferencia de KC O 2 del sistema. Los lípidos extraídos presentaron ácidos grasos favorables para la producción de biodiésel de microalgas, como ácido mirístico (C14:0), palmítico (C16:0), palmitoleico (C16:1), oleico (C18:1), linoleico (C18:1) y linolénico (C18:3). El uso de fotobiorreactores urbanos de microalgas es una estrategia ambientalmente sostenible que puede contribuir significativamente a la economía basada en recursos biológicos y reducir los efectos negativos del uso tradicional de combustibles fósiles sobre el medio ambiente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The growth system of microalgae photobioreactors (PBRs) has drawn a lot of interest as a viable and sustainable method for generating quality biomass for value-added products and biofuels. The objective of this research work is to cultivate micro-algae species Chlorella vulgaris in a photobioreactor that was designed, fabricated, and powered by solar energy system. Three experimental conditions were compared with 1:4 ratios of microalgae culture (40L) and fresh water (10L) having 100mL of media (nutrients) used in each experiment with control sample (ambient air aeration) experiment # 1, injecting 200 g of CO2 for 15 sec (experiment # 2), and 300g of CO2 for 25 sec (experiment # 3) on alternate days during the cultivation period. All experiments showed the reduction of nutrients concentration (orthophosphate and nitrate) and enhancement of biomass productivity with respect to 10 days of cultivation period. Experiments 1, 2 and 3 showed removal of orthophosphate as 50 %, 41.74 % and 60.78 % respectively, whereas nitrate removal was 22 %, 48 % and 58 %. Biomass productivity from experiments 1, 2 and 3 after 10 days of cultivation period were 196.63 mg/L, 203.43 mg/L, 318.76 mg/L respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that supplying CO2 from external source in experiment # 2 and experiment # 3 have same pattern of statistical significance with co-relationship between two groups of means with p-value of 6.306 × 10 &#8722;14 . The maximum microalgal biomass was recovered from experiment # 3, with 7.98 % by weight protein content yield and lipid content yield 37.4 % by weight (1.87/ 5 g of dried biomass). Kinetic study showed volumetric mass transfer capacities of K O 2 and KC O 2 were found to be 1.763× 10 &#8722;7 m 3 /s and 1.676× 10 &#8722;7 m 3 /s, with better result of KC O 2 gas transfer capacity of the system. In the extracted lipids favorable qualities of fatty acids for the production of microalgae biodiesel were found such as myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:1), and linolenic acids (C18:3). The use of urban micro-algae photobioreactors is an environmentally sustainable strategy that can contribute significantly to the bio-based economy and reduce the negative effects of traditional fossil fuel usage on the environment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Secuestro de carbono]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fotobiorreactor urbano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Captura de carbono]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Productividad de biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biofijación de CO2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chlorella vulgaris]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Producción de biocombustibles.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Carbon sequestration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urban photobioreactor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Carbon capture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biomass productivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CO2 bio-fixation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chlorella vulgaris]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biofuel production.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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