<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-8596</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[LA GRANJA. Revista de Ciencias de la Vida ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[La Granja]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-8596</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Politécnica Salesiana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-85962021000200027</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.02</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[CARACTERIZACIÓN ESPECTRAL Y MONITOREO DE BOSQUES DE MANGLAR CON TELEDETECCIÓN EN EL LITORAL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO: BAJO BAUDÓ, CHOCÓ]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING OF MANGROVE FORESTS WITH REMOTE SENSING IN THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC COAST: BAJO BAUDÓ, CHOCÓ]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea-Ardila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal-Villamil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oviedo-Barrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Pacífico  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Tolima  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Pacífico  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-85962021000200027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-85962021000200027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-85962021000200027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El Pacífico colombiano posee extensas zonas en bosques de manglar (BM), que es un ecosistema estratégico de gran importancia ambiental y socioeconómica para la mitigación del cambio climático. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo realizar la caracterización espectral y monitoreo de 66,59 km. para cuatro densidades de BM en el Bajo Baudó (Colombia), empleando tres imágenes Landsat (1998, 2014 y 2017), combinaciones de bandas espectrales y tres índices de vegetación (IV) (Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada - NDVI, Índice de Vegetación Ajustado al Suelo - SAVI y el Índice combinado de reconocimiento de manglares - CMRI). Los resultados demostraron que la mejor combinación de bandas espectrales para la identificación visual de los BM correspondió a infrarrojo color (NIR, Rojo, Verde) y falso color compuesto 1 (NIR, SWIR, Rojo). La firma espectral de los BM tuvo diferentes comportamientos para las cuatro densidades bajo las condiciones de pleamar y bajamar. Durante los 19 años analizados, se registró una diferencia de hasta el 17,9% en el valor promedio de la reflectancia en los BM. De igual manera, los valores de IV fueron proporcionales a las densidades de BM, pero su valor se notó reducido por efectos de la marea al momento de la captura de las imágenes; los mayores aumentos de IV se registraron sobre la zona costera de transición tierra-agua donde existe una fuerte interacción con la condición mareal. Esta investigación aporta a la caracterización y monitoreo espacial de BM con sensores remotos y el estudio espectral de este importante ecosistema en Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The Colombian Pacific has extensive areas in mangrove forests (MF), which is a strategic ecosystem of great environmental and socioeconomic for climate change mitigation. This work aimed to perform spectral characterization and monitoring of 66.59 km2 for four MF densities in Bajo Baudó (Colombia), using three Landsat images (1998, 2014 and 2017), combinations of spectral bands and three vegetation indices (VI) (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index - SAVI and the Combined Mangrove Recognition Index - CMRI). The results showed that the best combination of spectral bands for visual identification of MF corresponded to infrared color (NIR, Red, Green) and false-color composite 1 (NIR, SWIR, Red). The spectral sign of MFs had different behaviors in four densities under the conditions of high tide and low tide. During the 19 years analyzed, there was a difference of up to 17.9% in the average reflectance value in MF. Similarly, the values of VI were proportional to the densities of MF, but their value was reduced by tidal effects at the time of capturing the images; the largest increases in VI were recorded over the coastal area of land-water transition, where there is a strong interaction with the tidal condition. This research contributes to the spatial characterization and monitoring of MF with remote sensors and the spectral study of this important ecosystem in Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Marea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[firma espectral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índices de vegetación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Landsat]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reflectancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spectral signature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vegetation indexes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Landsat]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reflectance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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