<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-8596</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[LA GRANJA. Revista de Ciencias de la Vida ]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[La Granja]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-8596</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Politécnica Salesiana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-85962019000200057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17163/lgr.n30.2019.06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Regionalización de la precipitación, su agresividad y concentración en la cuenca del río Guayas, Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Regionalización de la precipitación, su agresividad y concentración en la Cuenca del río Guayas, Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ilbay-Yupa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubieta Barragán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavado-Casimiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Waldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Geofísico del Perú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>76</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-85962019000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-85962019000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-85962019000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  La agresividad de la lluvia contribuye a la erosividad del suelo en regiones de alta montaña, y por tal a la sedimentación en la parte baja de la cuenca. La reducción de incertidumbre acerca de la agresividad de la lluvia en regiones costeras y andinas contribuye a la formulación de medidas de mitigación que contribuyan a la reducción de erosión y pérdida de nutrientes. Los índices Fournier, Fournier modificado y de concentración de precipitación proveen la capacidad de estimar la distribución espacial y temporal de la agresividad de la lluvia. Este estudio presenta un análisis de la lluvia mediante estos índices de agresividad en la cuenca del río Guayas ubicada en la costa y Andes ecuatoriales. Se seleccionó datos mensuales registrados de 30 estaciones pluviométricas para el periodo 1968-2014. Se determinó zonas homogéneas de precipitación mediante el método k-means. Los resultados indicaron dos regiones homogeneas predominantes, la primera ubicada al oeste en la zona costera y andina (85.2% del área de la cuenca), con un índice de agresividad alto y muy alto, mientras que la distribución de la precipitación en la segunda región (Alta montaña) resultó de muy baja a baja agresividad. La mayor agresividad potencial de la lluvia le corresponde una mayor acumulación de precipitación promedio anual, lo que indica una alta influencia estacional de las lluvias, i.e, una mayor cantidad de lluvia puede precipitar en un número reducido de meses consecutivos. Los valores de concentración revelan una gradiente regional en dirección este-oeste, que va de moderadamente a fuertemente estacional. El análisis de tendencias de la concentración de lluvia mensual no muestra cambios significativos en el periodo de estudio. No obstante, nuestros hallazgos explican el porqué la región oeste y sur de la cuenca del río Guayas está expuesta a problemas de sedimentación en la parte baja, producto de la capacidad erosiva de la lluvia en la parte alta y media de la cuenca.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  The aggressiveness of the rain contributes to the erosivity of the soil in high mountain regions, and therefore to the sedimentation in the lower part of the watershed. The reduction of uncertainty about the aggressiveness of rain in coastal and Andean regions contributes to the formulation of mitigation measures that contribute to the reduction of erosion and loss of nutrients. Fournier indices, Modified Fournier and precipitation concentration, provide the ability to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of the aggressiveness of the rain. This study presents a spatial and temporal analysis of climatic aggressiveness in the Guayas river watershed located on the coast and the equatorial Andes. Registered monthly data of 30 rainfall stations for the period 1968-2014 was selected. Homogeneous precipitation zones were determined by the k-means method. The results indicated two predominant homogenous regions, the first located to the west in the coastal and Andean zone (85.2% of the area of the Watershed), with a high and very high aggressiveness index, while the distribution of precipitation in the second region (High mountain) resulted from very low to low aggressiveness. The greater potential aggressiveness of rain corresponds to a greater accumulation of average annual rainfall, which indicates a high seasonal influence of rainfall, that is, a greater amount of rainfall can precipitate in a reduced number of consecutive months. The concentration values reveal a regional gradient in the east-west direction, which goes from moderately to strongly seasonal. The trend analysis of the monthly rainfall concentration shows no significant changes in the study period. However, our findings explain why the western and southern region of the Guayas river watershed is exposed to sedimentation problems in the lower part, product of the erosive capacity of rain in the higher and middle part of the watershed.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Guayas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Concentración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Precipitación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Agresividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Erosividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Guayas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Concentration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Precipitation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aggressiveness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Erosivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapping rainfall erosivity at a regional scale, a comparison of interpolation methods inthe Ebro Basin]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angulo-Martínez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Vicente,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicente-Serrano,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beguería,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnoldus,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An approximation of the rainfall factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation.]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatial functional data analysis for regionalizing precipitation seasonality and intensity in a sparsely monitored region: Unveiling the spatio-temporal dependencies of precipitation in Ecuador]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballari,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campozano,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samaniego,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sediment budget analysis of the Guayas River using a process-basedmodel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrera-Crespo,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosselman,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giardino,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ottevanger,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabi,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias Hidalgo,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Heavy rainfall episodes in Ecuador during El Niño events and associated regional atmospheric circulation and SST patterns]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendix,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendix,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Adv. Geosci]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de la agresividad de las precipitaciones en la cuenca del Arroyo El Pescado]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besteiro,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.I.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, La Plata]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckalew,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.O.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[James,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reed,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Water Resources Assessment of Ecuador]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Homogénéisation des precipitation, in Cahiers]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunet- Moret,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cahiers ORSTOM.Serie Hydrologie.]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadier,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las inundaciones en la zona costera ecuatoriana: mecanismos responsables, obras de proteccion existentes y previstas.]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Corporación Andina de Fomento</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Memorias, Retos y Soluciones]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agresividad de las precipitaciones en la subcuenca del río San Marcos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castelan-Vega,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamariz Flores,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares Fleites,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Montalvo,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigaciones Geográficas]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High-Resolution Spatial Modeling of Daily Weather Elements for a Catchment in the Oregon Cascade Mountains, United States]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daly,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.W.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.I.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKane,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecological water quality analysis of the Guayas river basin (Ecuador) based on macroinvertebrates indices]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damanik-Ambarita,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.N.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lock,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boets,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Everaert,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.H.T.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forio,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musonge,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.L.S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suhareva,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennetsen,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landuyt,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dominguez-Granda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goethals,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Limnologica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Precipitation concentration changes in Spain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Luis,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Hidalgo,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunetti,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Longares,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Hazards and Earth System Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egas,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecuador, inundaciones 1982 &#8211; 1983 en la Cuenca baja del Guayas: Procesos de organizacion de los campesinos para hacer frente al desastre]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatio-temporal rainfall variability in the Amazon basin countries (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza-Villar,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronchail, J]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guyot,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cochonneau,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naziano,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Oliveira,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pombosa,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vauchel,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) for Awka Urban Area,]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezenwaji,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nzoiwu,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chima,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrology: Current Research]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploration of alpine orographic precipitation patterns with radar image processing and clustering techniques: Exploration of alpine orographic precipitation patterns]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foresti,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozdnoukhov,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Meteorological Applications]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fournier,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Climat et erosion; la relation entre l&#8217;erosion du sol par l&#8217;eau et les precipitations atmospheriques.]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Catchment precipitation processes in the San Francisco valley in southern Ecuador: combined approach using high-resolution radar images and in situ observations.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fries,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rollenbeck,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayer,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oñate-Valivieso,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendix,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new methodology for estimating rainfall aggressiveness risk based on daily rainfall records for multi-decennial periods]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Barrón,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science of The Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno Provincial del Guayas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio de impacto ambiental del proyecto &#8220;dragado de la II fase y disposición de los sedimentos de los alrededores del islote el palmar en la provincia del Guayas considerando como sitios de depósito "Isabel Ana, lotización "El Tejar", "Caracoles" y Terrenos particulares" del cantón Durán&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno Provincial del Guayas.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Provincial de Riego y Drenaje del Guayas. Gaceta oficial del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Provincial del Guayas]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of changes in meteorological variables using Mann-Kendall and Sen&#8217;s slope estimator statistical tests in Serbia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gocic,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trajkovic,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global and Planetary Change]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of classification and clustering methods in spatial rainfall pattern recognition at Northern Iran.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golian,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saghafian,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheshangosht,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghalkhani,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Latorre,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regionalización de patrones de precipitación para periodos multianuales secos y humedos en el Altiplano Cundiboyacense.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation. Applied Geostatistics Series]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goovaerts,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geological Magazine]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment and classification of climatic aggressiveness with regard to slope instability phenomena connected to hydrological and morphological processes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregori,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrenelli,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zorn,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiple &#350;en-innovative trend analyses and partial Mann-Kendall test]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güçlü,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Annual cycle of upper air circulation and convective activity over the tropical Americas.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hastenrath,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hailfall in southwest France: Relationship with precipitation, trends and wavelet analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermida,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merino,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berthet,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Ortega,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dessens,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atmospheric Research]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimate of the (R) USLE rainfall erosivity factor from monthly precipitation data in mainland Spain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernando,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romana,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Iber. Geol.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[L´homogénéité des données pluviométriques]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cahiers ORSTOM. Serie Hydrologie]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cartografía de la erosividad de la lluvia estimada a partir de datos pluviométricos mensuales en el Campo de Gibraltar]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jordán,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellinfante,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Edafología]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resistant, robust and non-parametric techniques for the analysis of climate data: Theory and examples, including applications to historical radiosonde station data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanzante,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kononenko,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kukar,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Machine Learning and Data Mining: Introduction to Principles and Algorithms]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaufman,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rousseeuw,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis, Wiley series in probability and mathematical statistics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kendall,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rank Correlation Methods]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Event soil loss, runoff and the Universal Soil Loss Equation family of models: review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinnell,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Hydrol.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Streamflow trends in Indiana: Effects of long term persistence, precipitation and subsurface drains]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merwade,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kam,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thurner,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonparametric tests against trend.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1945</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An empirical approach to estimate soil erosion risk in Spain]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Fernández,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Núñez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science of The Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Change in rainfall erosivity in the past and future due to climate change in the central part of India]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mondal,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khare,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kundu,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Soil and Water Conservation Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Monthly precipitation distribution: a comparative index]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliver,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Professional Geographer]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rainfall erosivity in Europe]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panagos,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballabio,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borrelli,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meusburger,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klik,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rousseva,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tadic,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michaelides,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hrabalíková,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olsen,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aalto,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lakatos,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rymszewicz,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dumitrescu,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beguería,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alewell,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sci. Total Environ]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regionalisation of precipitation for the Iberian Peninsula and climate change]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parracho,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo-Gonçalves,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Error characterization of TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA-3B42) products over India for different seasons]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prakash,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitra,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AghaKouchak,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pai,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasel,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Islam,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keramat,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering,]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Analysis of Annual and Seasonal Precipitation Concentration Index of North-Western Region of Bangladesh]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regionalization of rainfall over the Peruvian Pacific slope and coast: Regionalization of Rainfall (Peruvian Coast)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rau,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourrel,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labat,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewitte,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frappart,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavado,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felipe,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la agresividad y concentración de las precipitaciones en Venezuela]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rey,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovalles,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabriels,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[BioAgro]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tide-dominated deltas in active margin basins: Insights from the Guayas estuary, Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynaud,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-Y.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Witt,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazmiño,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilces,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Geology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rainfall distribution in the Andes of southern Ecuador derived from blending weather radar data and meteorological field observations]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rollenbeck,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendix,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atmospheric Research]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Niño and prediction of anomalous monthly rainfalls in Ecuador.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossel,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadier,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrological Processes]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Régionalisation de l&#8217;influence du El Nino sur les précipitations de l&#8217;Equateur]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossel,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ontaneda,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pombosa,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roura,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goulven,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bull. Inst. fr. études andines]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las inundaciones en la zona costera ecuatoriana: causas; obras de protección existentes y previstas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossel,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caddier,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bull. Inst. fr. études andines]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rousseeuw,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rainfall erosivity mapping for Santiago Island]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez-Moreno,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.F.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mannaerts,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jetten,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cape Verde. Geoderma]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trends of daily precipitation concentration in Central-Southern Chile]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarricolea,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meseguer-Ruiz,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ó.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Notivoli,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.V.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin-Vide,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atmospheric Research]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarricolea-Araya,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Concentración de las precipitaciones en chile central y su relación con patrones de variabilidad de baja frecuencia, período 1965-2010]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regionalization of Rainfall in Kerala State]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahana, Shirin,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Technology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SENAGUA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Delimitación y codificación de unidades hidrográficas del Ecuador escala 1:250000]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sevruk,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Precipitation as the water cycle element. Theoryand Practice of Precipitation Measurement, (in German)]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio de los sedimentos del sector donde convergen los ríos Daule y Babahoyo, y las posibles causan que están formando un nuevo islote en ese sector.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soledispa,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta oceanográfica del Pacífico]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soil erosion risk scenarios in the Mediterranean environment using RUSLE and GIS: an application model for Calabria (southern Italy)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terranova,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antronico,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[, Coscarelli,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iaquinta,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[. Geomorphology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Habitat suitability of the invasive water hyacinth and its relation to water quality and macroinvertebrate diversity in a tropical reservoir.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thi Nguyen,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boets,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lock,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damanik Ambarita,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.N.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forio,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasha,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dominguez-Granda,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thi Hoang,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Everaert,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goethals,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Limnologica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Twilley,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Monroy,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suescum,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armijos,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solórzano,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatio-temporal trends of precipitation, its aggressiveness and concentration, along the Pacific coast of South America]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés-Pineda,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrological Sciences Journal]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vauchel,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydraccess: Software for Management and processing of Hydro &#8211; meteorological data software]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Towards large-scale monitoring of soil erosion in Africa: Accounting for the dynamics of rainfall erosivity.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrieling,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoedjes,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C. B.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Velde,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global and Planetary Change]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparisons of Different Methods of Cluster Analysis with Application to Rainfall Data.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yashwant,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sananse,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IJIRSET]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Monthly Trends of Precipitation in Gauging Stations in Slovakia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zele&#328;áková,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purcz,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poórová,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkhalaf,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hlavatá,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portela,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Engineering]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing precipitation concentra-tion in the Amazon basin from different satellite-based datasets]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubieta,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronchail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[j,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drapeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin-Vide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Climatol.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatial analysis and temporal trends of daily precipitation concentration in the Mantaro River basin: central Andes of Peru.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubieta,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giráldez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Precipitation Datasets on Rainfall-Runoff Modeling of the Western Amazon Basin of Peru and Ecuador]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubieta,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geritana,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
