<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-6631</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Letras Verdes, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Letras Verdes]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-6631</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-66312017000200120</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/letrasverdes.22.2017.2679</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los Sistemas Participativos de Garantía en el Ecuador. Aproximaciones a su desarrollo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Participatory Guarantee Systems in Ecuador. Approaches to its development]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pino Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Azuay  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ámsterdam  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cuenca Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>22</numero>
<fpage>120</fpage>
<lpage>145</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-66312017000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-66312017000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-66312017000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo estudialos Sistemas Participativos de Garantía (SPG) como esquemas de certificación alternativos a la Certificación de Tercera Parte (CTP). Estos se caracterizan por su abordaje multiactoral basado en los principios de participación, transparencia y confianza. Basándonos en la lógica de rastreo de procesos(process-tracing) y análisis comparativo, se analizaron las experiencias con SPG de Brasil, con Red Ecovida, y de Ecuador. Este trabajo muestra que la CTP creó una trayectoria normativa que resultó en su inclusión en la regulación de productos orgánicos, excluyendo a los sistemas distintos a la CTP de reconocimiento oficial. Los datos apoyan la idea de difusión de normas por medio de la localización (desde Brasil hacia Ecuador). Esto debido, en especial, a que los SPG se ajustan mejor a las condiciones sociales, económicas y ambientales de los pequeños productores. En el caso ecuatoriano los SPG actuarían como instrumentos para construir congruencia (entre los ámbitos legal, político y productivo), y no como meros mecanismos de control. El principal objetivo de los SPG es promover la agroecología por medio del estímulo a la producción, los mercados y el consumo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study examines Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) as an alternative to Third Party Certification (TPC). These schemes are characterized by its multi-stakeholder approach which relies on principles like participation, transparency and trust. This research, based on the logics of process-tracing and comparative analysis, analyzed the experiences with PGS of the peasant&#8217;s network Red Ecovida from Brazil, and Ecuador&#8217;s experience. This study supports the idea that TPC created a normative trajectory that resulted in this scheme embedding the regulations on organics. Consequently, other systems than TPC are excluded from official recognition. The idea of norm diffusion through localization is also backed up in the analysis (from Brazil to Ecuador). This especially due to that PGS are better suited to the social, economic and environmental conditions of small-scale farmers. In the Ecuadorian case, PGS are meant as congruence builders (among the legal, political and productive grounds of the country), rather than just mechanisms of control. The main aim of PGS is to scale up agroecology by enhancing production, markets and consumption.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agroecología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[certificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobernanza alimentaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema participativo de garantía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producto orgánico.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[certification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[food governance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organic products]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[participatory guarantee system.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How Ideas Spread: Whose Norms Matter? Norm Localization and Institutional Change in Asian Regionalism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acharya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amitab]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Organization]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>239-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scaling up Agroecological Approaches for Food Sovereignty in Latin America]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicholls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Development]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>472-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The agroecological revolution in Latin America: Rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altieri,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Peasant Studies]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>587-612</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transnational private governance between the logics of empowerment and control]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graemen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Renchens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cashore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regulation &amp; Governance]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouagnimbeck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Herve]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ugas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villanueva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jannet]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Preliminary results of the global comparative study on interactions between PGS and social processes]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Organic World Congress]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Estambul, Turquía </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stalin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecuador Rural del siglo XXI: Soberanía alimentaria, inversión pública y política agraria]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudios Ecuatorianos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estructura agrícola y modelo de acumulación rural en el Ecuador: interacción entre campesinos, agroindustriales y Estado]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacroix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comercialización y Soberanía Alimentaria]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>69-74</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sipae]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Agroecología y venta directa organizada, una propuesta para valorizar mejor los territorios de la sierra sur del Ecuador: la dinámica de las organizaciones campesinas de El Tambo, Gualaceo y Octavio Cordero (Cuenca)]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cuenca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEDIR/ AVSF-CICDA/ MAZAN-FEM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuellar Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hacia un sistema participativo de garantía para la producción ecológica en Andalucía]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Córdoba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Environmental and social standards, certification and labelling for cash crops]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roma ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FAO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Private Transnational Governance and the Developing World: A comparative Perspective]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dingwerth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Klaus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Studies Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>607-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sistematización de la Experiencia de la Construcción e Implementación del Sistema Participativo de Garantía SPG de la Red Agroecológica del Austro]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echarri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RAA]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wikinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egelyng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henrik]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mascarenhas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The institutionalization of Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) in Brazil: organic and fair trade initiatives]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 16thIFOAM Organic World Congress]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Modena, Italy </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction to symposium on private agrifood governance: values, shortcomings and strategies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuchs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Doris]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalfagianni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Agni]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennifer]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agriculture and Human Values]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>335-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[George]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Case Studies and Theory Development in Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Science Methodology: A Criterial Framework]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gudynas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Producción orgánica en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Observatorio del Desarrollo: CLAES]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[José Lutzenberger]]></article-title>
<collab>Gutemberg Project</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Third-party certification in the global agrifood system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maki]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Food Policy]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>354-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Third-Party Certification in the Global Agrifood System: an Objective or Socially Mediated Governance Mechanism?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maki]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociologia Ruralis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Heifer Ecuador</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La Agroecología Está Presente: Mapeo de productores agroecológicos y del estado de la agroecología en la sierra y costa ecuatoriana]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Heifer/MAGAP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food crises, food regimes and food movements: rumblings of reform tides of transformation?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holt-Gimenez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shattuck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Annie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Peasant Studies]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>109-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>International Organization for Standardization (ISO)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Conformity Assessment and Certification]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacroix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pierril]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauveau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christophe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taipe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soberanía Alimentaria y Comercialización Campesina en el Ecuador.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacroix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comercialización y Soberanía Alimentaria]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>63-8</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sipae]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Latin-American Forum on Participatory Guarantee Systems</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Chart of Principles]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Antonio Prado]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echarry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Koldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterización de mercados locales agroecológicos y sistemas participativos de garantía que se construyen en el Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Coordinadora Ecuatoriana de Agroecología]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Forest Certification as a global environmental governance tool: what is the macro-effectiveness of the Forest Stewardships Council?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Axel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuypers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dieter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regulation &amp; Governance]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>408-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meirelles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laercio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebelatto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luiz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecovida agroecology network, Brazil: developing credibility]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bonn ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IFOAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meirelles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laercio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regulation of the Participatory Guarantee Systems in Brazil. A case Study]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IFOAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sistemas Participativos de Garantía (SPG) en Brasil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meirelles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laercio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sistemas de garantía para productos orgánicos en mercados locales y nacionales]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>b</numero>
<issue>b</issue>
<page-range>19-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Regulation of Participatory Guarantee Systems in Brazil: Empowerment and Challenges]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fighting standards with standards: harmonization, rents, and social accountability in certified agrifood networks]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mutersbaugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tad]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environment and Planning]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>2033-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Making sense of agrobiodiversity, diet, and intensification of smallholder family farming in the highland Andes of Ecuador]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oyarzun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ross]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology of Food and Nutrition]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>515-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Movements, the state and the making of Food Sovereignty in Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increasing returns, path dependence, and the study of politics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>251-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los sistemas participativos de garantía. Herramientas de definición de estrategias agroecológicas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torremocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eva]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agroecología]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>sf</numero>
<issue>sf</issue>
<page-range>89-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agroecology as a science, a movement and a practice. A review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wezel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stéphane]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thierry]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dominique]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[David]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christophe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomy for Sustainable Development]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>503-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reglamento de la normativa para la producción orgánica agropecuaria en el Ecuador]]></article-title>
<collab>Acuerdo Ministerial 177</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Registro Oficial]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<edition>Edición 154</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Normativa General para Promover y Regular la Producción Orgánica-Ecológica-Biológica en el Ecuador]]></article-title>
<collab>Acuerdo Ministerial 299</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Registro Oficial]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>Edición 34</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reglamento de la normativa de la producción orgánica agropecuaria en el Ecuador]]></article-title>
<collab>Acuerdo Ministerial 302</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Registro Oficial]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<edition>Edición 384</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Constitución de la República del Ecuador</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Registro Oficial]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>Edición 449</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Normativa General para la promoción y regulación de la producción orgánica]]></article-title>
<collab>Decreto Ejecutivo 3609</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Registro Oficial]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<edition>Edición Especial 1</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ley Orgánica del Régimen de Soberanía Alimentaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Registro Oficial Suplemento 583]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>COPISA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Propuesta de Ley Orgánica de Agrobiodiversidad, Semillas y Fomento Agroecológico]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>COPISA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Propuesta de Ley Orgánica del Consumo Responsable para la Soberanía Alimentaria]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instructivo de la Normativa General para Promover y Regular la Agricultura Orgánica-Ecológica-Biológica en el Ecuador]]></article-title>
<collab>Resolución 99</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
