<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992023000200120</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.36.2023.5888</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Iniciativa Conjunta México y Estados Unidos: pandemia de COVID-19 y frontera segura]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[United States-Mexico Joint Initiative: COVID-19 Pandemic and Secure Border]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Iniciativa Conjunta Estados Unidos-México, Pandemia de COVID-19, Fronteira Segura]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José-María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>36</numero>
<fpage>120</fpage>
<lpage>135</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En este artículo se analiza y compara la Iniciativa Conjunta México y Estados Unidos para Combatir la Pandemia de COVID-19, con respecto al Plan de América del Norte para la Influenza Animal y Pandémica, y su aporte para promover una frontera segura en el contexto de la pospandemia, con base en un enfoque de gobernanza. La metodología se fundamenta en un análisis de la Iniciativa Conjunta y del Plan, al igual que de las órdenes emitidas bajo las secciones 362 y 365 de la Ley de Servicio de Salud Pública del gobierno de Estados Unidos. Además, se analiza un modelo de gobernanza para promover una mejor gestión transfronteriza de la pandemia, hacia una frontera segura. Entre las conclusiones, se plantean las siguientes: el Plan consideró una gobernanza eficaz, que contribuyó a reducir la pandemia H1N1, lo cual no sucedió con la Iniciativa Conjunta, en el caso de la pandemia COVID-19. Aunque se cerró la frontera estadounidense a los residentes mexicanos con visa de Estados Unidos durante 18 meses (20 de marzo de 2020 a 7 de noviembre de 2021), con un criterio de seguridad nacional, no disminuyeron los contagios y fallecimientos en la frontera México-Estados Unidos, a causa de un déficit de gobernanza.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: From a governance approach, this article analyzes and compares the United States-Mexico Joint Initiative to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic, with respect to the North American Plan for Animal and Pandemic Influenza, and its contribution to promoting a secure border in the context of post-pandemic. The methodology is based on an analysis of the Joint Initiative and the North American Plan for Animal and Pandemic Influenza, as well as the orders issued under sections 362 and 365 of the United States government's Public Health Service Act. In addition, a governance model to promote better cross-border management of the pandemic toward a secure border is analyzed. Among the conclusions, the following are stated: the Plan considered effective governance that had an impact on the reduction of the H1N1 pandemic, which did not happen with the Joint Initiative in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the US border was closed to Mexican residents with a United States visa, for 18 months (March 20, 2020 to November 7, 2021), with a national security criterion, the number of infections and deaths on the United States-Mexico border did not decrease, due to a governance deficit.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: Este artigo analisa e compara a Iniciativa Conjunta Estados Unidos-México para Combater a Pandemia de COVID-19, no que diz respeito ao Plano Norte-Americano de Influenza Animal e Pandêmica, e sua contribuição para a promoção de uma fronteira segura no contexto da pós-pandemia, com base em uma abordagem de governança. A metodologia baseia-se na análise da Iniciativa Conjunta e do Plano, bem como nas ordens emitidas sob as seções 362 e 365 da Lei do Serviço de Saúde Pública do Governo dos Estados Unidos. Além disso, é analisado um modelo de governação para promover uma melhor gestão transfronteiriça da pandemia, rumo a uma fronteira segura. Entre as conclusões, propõem-se: o Plano considerou uma governança efetiva, que contribuiu para a redução da pandemia de H1N1, o que não ocorreu com a Iniciativa Conjunta, no caso da pandemia de COVID-19. Embora a fronteira com os EUA tenha sido fechada para residentes mexicanos com vistos americanos por 18 meses (20 de março de 2020 a 7 de novembro de 2021), com base em critérios de segurança nacional, as infecções e mortes na fronteira México-México não diminuíram. de um déficit de governança.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cooperación internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frontera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobernanza de internet]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[border]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international cooperation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[internet governance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[migration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pandemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cooperação internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fronteira]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[governança da internet]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[migração]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pandemia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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