<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992023000200066</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.36.2023.5845</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[China y Estados Unidos: antagonismos y liderazgos en el ciberespacio frente a América Latina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[China and the United States: antagonisms and leadership in cyberspace vis-à-vis Latin America]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[China e Estados Unidos: antagonismos e liderança no ciberespaço frente à América Latina]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Antonio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan-Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>36</numero>
<fpage>66</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000200066&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000200066&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992023000200066&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar al ciberespacio como el quinto dominio de la política internacional en el que la República Popular China y Estados Unidos construyen ciberpoder, con capacidad de influir en el desarrollo de las capacidades cibernéticas de América Latina. El texto se divide en siete secciones. En la primera se presenta la trascendencia del ciberespacio en la seguridad internacional. En la segunda, conceptos clave para el análisis del dominio desde las ciencias sociales. En la tercera se analizan las categorías de hard power, soft power y smart power. En la cuarta se describen índices internacionales para medir el ciberpoder y las capacidades cibernéticas. En la quinta, el método de análisis comparativo aplicado al estudio. En la sexta se compara el ciberpoder de China con el de Estados Unidos. En la séptima se analizan las asimetrías de América Latina y se identifican áreas de influencia y cooperación en la región. Se concluye que Estados Unidos es ejemplo de política nacional y estructura organizacional en ciberseguridad para América Latina, mientras que China es referente de recursos tecnológicos, con el potencial de penetrar en la estrategia económica de la región.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This work aims to show cyberspace as the fifth domain of international politics, in which the People's Republic of China and the United States build cyber power, with the ability to influence the development of cybernetic capabilities in Latin America. The text is divided into seven sections. The first presents the importance of cyberspace in international security. The second presents key concepts for domain analysis from the Social Sciences. In the third section, the categories of hard power, soft power, and smart power are analyzed. The fourth section points out international indices to measure cyber power and cyber capabilities. The fifth describes the method of comparative analysis applied to the study. The sixth compares the cyber power of China and the United States. In the seventh, asymmetries and areas of influence and cooperation in Latin America are identified. It is concluded that the United States is an example of national policy and organizational structure in cybersecurity for Latin America, while China is a benchmark for technological resources, with the potential to penetrate the economic strategy of the region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este trabalho visa mostrar o ciberespaço como o Quinto Domínio da política internacional, no qual a República Popular da China e os Estados Unidos constroem o poder cibernético, com capacidade de influenciar o desenvolvimento das capacidades cibernéticas na América Latina. O texto está dividido em sete seções, sendo que a primeira apresenta a importância do ciberespaço na segurança internacional. A segunda apresenta conceitos-chave para análise de domínio das Ciências Sociais. Na terceira, são analisadas as categorias de Hard Power, Soft Power e Smart Power. A quarta descreve índices internacionais para medir o poder cibernético e as capacidades cibernéticas. A quinta descreve o método de análise comparativa aplicado ao estudo. O sexto compara o poder cibernético da China e dos Estados Unidos. Na sétima, analisam-se as assimetrias na América Latina e identificam-se as áreas de influência e cooperação na região. Por fim, conclui-se que os Estados Unidos são um exemplo de política nacional e estrutura organizacional em segurança cibernética para a América Latina. Enquanto a China é referência em recursos tecnológicos, com potencial para penetrar na estratégia econômica da região.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad cibernética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estados Unidos de América]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cyber security]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international politics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[United States of America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cibersegurança]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Política Internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estados Unidos da América]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América Latina.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantum information research in China]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Qiang]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feishu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Li]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nai- Le]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jian-Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quantum Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
