<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-4299</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[URVIO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-4299</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO-Sede Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-42992021000100096</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17141/urvio.29.2021.4413</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La coerción extorsiva en Medellín, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Extortion and coercion in Medellín, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Coerção extorsiva em Medellín, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Jairo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan-Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arredondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colmich  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAULA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNIMINUTO  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>29</numero>
<fpage>96</fpage>
<lpage>107</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-42992021000100096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-42992021000100096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-42992021000100096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Pese a la reducción drástica en el número de homicidios en Medellín, de 6500 en 1991 a 526 en 2019, atribuida al urbanismo social y destacada internacionalmente como &#8220;modelo Medellín&#8221;, las otras formas de criminalidad no ceden. La violencia extorsiva representa uno de los más significativos retos al desarrollo de ciudades asediadas por mafias, como Medellín. Este artículo introduce una nueva perspectiva conceptual para analizar el impacto de las prácticas extorsivas en el orden social y económico. Se fundamenta en los hallazgos empíricos y en las categorías analíticas intermedias de tres investigaciones recientes sobre extorsión urbana, para identificar cómo las actividades ilícitas y lícitas se amalgaman entre sí, y con la dinámica local. La protección violenta, herencia mafiosa de la confrontación del cartel de Medellín con el Estado colombiano, se fortalece con la coerción extorsiva. Al tornarse cada vez menos cruento, sistemático y generalizado, el chantaje coercitivo ha producido en la ciudad el amalgamamiento de lo legal-ilegal, en un creciente número de dimensiones sociales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Despite the drastic reduction in the number of homicides in Medellin (from 6500 in 1991 to 591 in 2019) which has been categorized as social urbanism and internationally highlighted as a model, the other forms of crime do not relent. Violence intended for extortion is one of the most significant challenges to the development of cities besieged by mafias, such as Medellin. Relying on the empirical findings and intermediate analytical categories of three recent field investigations on urban extortion, this article introduces a conceptual perspective to identify how illicit and legal activities are amalgamated with each other, and with local dynamics. Violent protection, inherited from the confrontation of the Medellin drug cartel with the Colombian State, is strengthened by coercion intended for extortion. This systematic and widespread form of violence has allowed the amalgamation of the legal with the illegal in a growing number of social dimensions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Apesar da redução drástica do número de homicídios ocorridos em Medellín, de 6500 em 1991 para 526 em 2019, atribuídos ao urbanismo social e reconhecidos internacionalmente como o modelo de Medellín, outras formas de crime não cedem. A violência de extorsão representa um dos desafios mais significativos para o desenvolvimento de cidades sitiadas por máfias como Medellín. Apoiado nos resultados empíricos e nas categorias analíticas intermediárias de três investigações de campo recentes sobre extorsão urbana, este artigo apresenta uma perspectiva conceitual para identificar como as atividades ilícitas e lícitas estão amalgamadas entre si e com a dinâmica local. A proteção violenta, legado mafioso do confronto do cartel de Medellín com o Estado colombiano, se fortalece com a coerção extorsiva. Essa chantagem coercitiva sistemática e generalizada tem produzido na cidade o amálgama do legal-ilegal em um número crescente de dimensões sociais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coerción extorsiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[entornos cautivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[protección violenta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia mafiosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[captive environments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coercion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mafia violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[violent protection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ambientes cativos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[coerção extorsiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[proteção violenta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[violência da máfia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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