<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-0129</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Politécnica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Politéc. (Quito)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-0129</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Politécnica Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-01292022000200037</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33333/rp.vol49n2.04</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización y Patología de los Muros de Tierra de las Construcciones Andinas Ecuatorianas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Characterization and Pathology of Earthen Building Walls in the Ecuadorian Andean Area]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.-Lenin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Facultad para la ciudad, paisaje y arquitectura ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-01292022000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-01292022000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-01292022000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: A partir del análisis tipológico de las construcciones de adobe, tapial y bahareque de 50 inmuebles situados en las provincias de Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Chimborazo y Bolívar, se han analizado las lesiones físicas, mecánicas, químico-biológicas y antrópicas producidas por los agentes atmosféricos y por el suelo, que afectan a las edificaciones en tierra cruda del área andina ecuatoriana y posteriormente las características físicas, resistencia mecánica y composición químico-mineralógica. Los resultados determinan que el agua afecta principalmente al 40% de los inmuebles por defectos constructivos, como la falta de sobrecimientos que facilitan las humedades en las partes bajas o de aleros pequeños que no protegen del agua de lluvia deteriorando los recubrimientos de barro, sobre todo de los bahareques y que se acentúa por el emplazamiento aislado de las edificaciones. Además, la dosificación empírica de la tierra utilizada con tamaño máximo de grava de 15-18mm más arenas está en la proporción de menos de 30% y poco más de 70% de arcillas y limos en las muestras de adobe y tapial; proporciones que varían en el bahareque con casi 55% de gravas -arenas y 45% de finos; con resistencias a compresión menores a 3MPa. Se han recogido las especies madereras, cañas y fibras utilizadas en la confección de las armaduras de cubiertas, entramados y mampuestos. La antigüedad de las edificaciones rurales sobrepasa los 50 años y el 82% de las estudiadas se encuentran en estado de abandono.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: From the typological analysis of adobe, rammed earth, and bahareque constructions of 50 properties located in the provinces of Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Chimborazo, and Bolívar, the physical, mechanical, chemical-biological, and anthropic damages produced by atmospheric agents and by the soil have been analyzed, which affect raw earth buildings in the Ecuadorian Andean area and subsequently the physical characteristics, mechanical resistance, and chemical mineralogical composition. The results determined that water mainly affects 40% of the buildings due to construction defects, such as the lack of footings over foundations that facilitate dampness in the lower parts or small eaves that do not protect from rainwater, deteriorating the mud coatings, especially of the bahareque and that is accentuated by the isolated location of the buildings. In addition, the empirical earth mixture used with a maximum gravel size of 15-18mm plus sands is in the proportion of less than 30% and a little more than 70% of clays and silts in the adobe and rammed earth samples; proportions that vary in the bahareque, with almost 55% of gravel-sand and 45% of fines; with compressive strengths less than 3MPa. The wood species, reeds, and fibers used in the manufacture of roof trusses, frameworks, and masonry have been collected. The age of the rural buildings exceeds 50 years and 82% of those studied are in a state of abandonment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[construcción en tierra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patología constructiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[arquitectura andina ecuatoriana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patrimonio rural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[earth construction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constructive pathology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuadorian Andean architecture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rural heritage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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