<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1390-0129</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Politécnica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Politéc. (Quito)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1390-0129</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Politécnica Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1390-01292021000400007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33333/rp.vol48n2.01</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Potencial de Biomasa en América del Sur para la Producción de Bioplásticos. Una Revisión]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Biomass Potential in South America for the Production of Bioplastics. A review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yadira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazmiño-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joffre]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila-Rincón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior Tecnológico Crecermás  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lago Agrio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lago Agrio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los Materiales Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jaén ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Soluciones Profesionales Biobasados e Industrialización Limpia - SOPBIAL Cía. Ltda.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lago Agrio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano Departamento de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1390-01292021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1390-01292021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1390-01292021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La biomasa es una fuente primaria renovable que ha generado mayor interés en el mundo durante los últimos años, debido a la oportunidad de obtener productos energéticos y no energéticos similares a los que se producen de las fuentes no renovables. En este sentido, América del Sur, por su ubicación geográfica, cuenta con alto potencial de generar y adicionar valor a la biomasa; por lo que esta investigación realiza una revisión descriptiva sobre la disponibilidad y potencial de biomasa en América del Sur, con el propósito de establecer los tipos y cantidad de bioplásticos biobasados y biodegradables (BBB) que se pueden producir en esta región. En primer lugar, se realizó una descripción de la biomasa, sus características y clasificación. Posterior a esto, se recopiló información de la biomasa generada en cada país, para finalmente describir los tipos de BBB existentes en la actualidad. La investigación reveló que en la región se pueden producir 204,42 millones de toneladas (MMt) de bioplástico basado en celulosa regenerada, 4,11 MMt de bioplástico basado en almidón, 0,58 MMt de ácido poliláctico y 8,68 MMt de polihidroxibutirato. Además, la producción de BBB es una alternativa que permite minimizar la contaminación ambiental producida por los plásticos sintéticos, ya que utiliza de manera eficiente y sostenible los residuos generados por actividades agropecuarias e industriales. Finalmente, este estudio permite ampliar el estado del arte e intensificar las ventajas que tienen los países de América del Sur con respecto a la generación de empleos y desarrollo industrial en zonas rurales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Biomass is a primary renewable source that has generated greater interest in the world in last years, because it offers the opportunity to obtain energy and non-energy products similar to those manufactured from non-renewable sources. In this sense, South America, due to its geographical location, has high potential to generate and add value to biomass; so that this research carries out a descriptive review on the availability and potential of the biomass in South America, with the purpose of establishing the types and quantity of biobased and biodegradable bioplastics (BBB) that can be produced in this region. In the first place, a description of the biomass, its characteristics and classification was made. Subsequently, information was collected on the biomass generated in each country, to finally describe the types of BBB currently available. The research revealed that 204.42 million of tons (MMt) of bioplastic based on regenerated cellulose can be produced in the region, 4.11 MMt of starch-based bioplastic, 0.58 MMt of polylactic acid and 8.68 MMt of polyhydroxybutyrate. In addition, the production of BBB is an alternative that allows to minimize the environmental pollution produced by synthetic plastics, since it uses in an efficient and sustainable way the waste generated by agricultural and industrial activities. Finally, the study made it possible to expand the state of the art and intensify the advantages that the countries of South America have with respect to the generation of jobs and industrial development in rural areas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bioeconomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioindustrias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plásticos biobasados y biodegradables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioeconomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioindustries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biomass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biobased and biodegradable plastics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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