PRÁCTICA INTERCULTURAL EN EL PROCESO DE LOGROS DE APRENDIZAJE EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Barragán, Patricia; Ramos, Rómulo; Barragán, Patricia; Ramos, Rómulo

doi:10.37135/chk.002.09.10

Services on Demand

Journal

Article

Indicators

Cited by SciELO
Access statistics

Revista Chakiñan de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades

On-line version ISSN 2550-6722

Revista Chakiñan n.9 Riobamba Sep./Dec. 2019

https://doi.org/10.37135/chk.002.09.10

Artículo de Investigación

PRÁCTICA INTERCULTURAL EN EL PROCESO DE LOGROS DE APRENDIZAJE EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES

YACHAYRURAY KAWSAYPURA PURINAÑANPI YACHAYKUNA IMASHINA PAKTAKUN RUNAKAWSAY YACHAYPI

INTERCULTURAL PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

Patricia Barragán¹
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4828-763X

Rómulo Ramos²
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-6546

^¹Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Humanas y Tecnologías, Carrera de Ciencias Sociales, Riobamba-Ecuador, Email: pathybarragan122@gmail.com

^²Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Humanas y Tecnologías, Carrera de Ciencias Sociales, Riobamba-Ecuador, Email: rramos@unach.edu.ec

RESUMEN

La presente investigación tiene el propósito de difundir resultados obtenidos en un estudio sobre logros de aprendizaje de la práctica intercultural en la carrera de Pedagogía de la Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Humanas y Tecnologías de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH). Mediante una investigación bibliográfica descriptiva y una metodología sintética acompañada de la observación y entrevistas, dirigidas a autoridades, docentes y estudiantes, sobre la práctica intercultural, en ejes como segregación, igualdad y accesibilidad a la educación superior. En los resultados se explica de qué manera se podría promover una verdadera inclusión educativa, cultural, social, y sobre todo procurar una convivencia pacífica y solidaria que nos acerque más como personas a la diversidad cultural respetando el espacio geográfico, sin importar sus creencias, estilos de vidas, formas de pensar, vestido e idioma, para que los involucrados busquen estrategias de promover, en las aulas de clases, metodologías activas y cooperativas como el estudio de casos, donde los estudiantes puedan expresarse y comunicarse desde su propia identidad cultural.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Práctica intercultural; logros de aprendizaje; igualdad; diversidad cultural.

UCHILLA YUYAYKUNA

Kay taripashka llankayka karashaminmi, imallata yachaykunapi paktashkata, taripashkakunatapish Yachayruray Kawsaypurapi kimirishpa, kay Wiñaykawsay - Runakawsay Yachayta yachakukkunaman, shinallatak Runakunapak Yachayta yachana Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH) hatun yachana wasi ukupipish. Chaymantami taripaykunaka kamukunapi kimirin shinallatak yachaytapish rikushkakunapi, chashnallatak tapushkakunawan pushakkunata, yachachikkunata, yachakukkunata kay yachayruray kawsaypura hawa. Kaykunaka paktachun mana pitapish shukman churashpa, llakichishpapish, hawalla yaykuchunkuna hatun yachana wasipipish. Imalla paktashkakunawanka yachakchayanchikmi imashina chayanapak alli tantachishka yachayman, kawsayman, runakawsayman, ashtawankarin sumak tantalla kushilla kawsayman, makitakushpa huchuyarishpa tawka runakunapak kawsayta hayñishpa, maypi kawsaytapish, imapi iñishkatapish, imashina kawsaytapish, ima yuyayta chariktapish, imashina churarishkatapish, ima shimita rimaktapish shukllapi tantachishpa. Kaypi chakrurishkakunaka mashkachun pakta sinchi yachayñanta, wiñaritapish kay yachaykunamanta, maypimi yachakukkunaka mana manchashpa rimachunkuna paypak runa kawsaymanta.

UCHILLA YUYAYKUNA: Yachayruyay (práctica) kawsaypura; paktashka yachaykuna; paktaykuna; tawkashina kawsay

SUMMARY

The purpose of this research is to disseminate results obtained in a study on learning achievements of intercultural practice in the major called Pedagogy of History and Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Technologies Education at the National University of Chimborazo (UNACH) through a descriptive bibliographic research and a synthetic methodology accompanied by observation and interviews directed by authorities, teachers and students about intercultural practice, in topics like segregation, equality and accessibility to higher education. The results explain how a true educational, cultural, social inclusion could be promoted and, above all, ensure a peaceful and supportive coexistence that brings us closer as people to cultural diversity respecting the geographical space, in spite of their beliefs, life style, ways of thinking, clothing and language so that those involved seek strategies to promote active and cooperative methodologies inside the classroom such as case studies, where students can express themselves and communicate from their own cultural identity.

KEY WORDS: Intercultural practice; learning achievements; equality; cultural diversity

KALLARIYUYAY

Ecuador mamallaktaka charinmi mana ashalla runakunapak kawsayta, kayka kanmi tawka runakunapak kawsay tiyashkamanta, tawka yachaykawsayta charishkamanta, chikan chikan rikuchikunata uchilla mamallakta kashpapish, chikan Abya Yalapi tiyashka mamallaktakunawan shinallatak mamapachapi tiyak mamallaktakunawan rikukpika (^{Marquez 2017}).

Kawsaypura yachaykakanmi tawkata rimanakuna, kallarishkami ishkay chunka Pachakwatakumanta (siglo XX) hatun yachana wasikunapi tantachina yuyaywan: riksishkakanata mashkashpa, sinchikanata, paktakanata, mana yankakanata, tukuykuna tantallakanatapish, chaywanka paktankapak shuk yuyaylla tukushpa yachachikkunapish, pushakkunapish, ashtawanka mashkachun yachakuk wamrakunapak muskuykunata paktachinatatak, paykunapak muskuypika charinmi ñawpakman llukshinata, sumak pakta kawsayta charinapak. Chayka paktaytukunmi yachaykunata paktashpalla, shinallatak tukuy kawsayta yallichishpalla: yachaykawsayta, iñishkata, imashina kawsayta, ima yuyashkata, churarishkata, rimashkatami paktachina kan hatun yachaykunapika.

UNACH, shinallatak Wiñaykawsay - Runakawsay Yachay yachana ukuka charinmi tawka mamallaktapak suyukunamanta shamushka yachakukkunata, paykunaka chikan chikan yuyaykunatami apamushkakuna, chaymantami imapish pakta kana kan tukuy yachakukkunapi, chikan chikan ayllu kawsaymanta kashkamanta. Shinallatak chikan chikan Ecuador markakunamanta, Riobamba llaktapi yachanaman shamunkuna, kaypi chayamushpaka yuyayta sinchiyachishpa yachaykunapi kallarinkuna.

Kawsaypurapika punchantami hamuktarinakan paktaykunapi, kutichinapi, willaykunapi, yachaykunapi, taripaykunapi. Ashtawanka yachaykunawan, yachaykawsaywan, kawsayyachaywan, rikuchishpapish hayñikunata. Shinallatak paktanami kan yachakukkunapak ushaykunawan chikanyachinapak rantika: runakawsaywan, kapakkamaywan, kawsaywan, kamachikwan, kullkikamaywan, apunchikamaywan, chaymantami mashkan yachayta tukuchishka kipaka pakta yachakkunakachun, llankachun paykunapak ayllullaktakupi, mamapachatapish kuyak wakichik kachun.

Imallata paktashkakunatami kay taripashkakunapi hamuktayan, ashtawanka yachayruray kawsaypura yachaypi paktashkata. Shukmanta huchuyachinpish kay imayaychikunata kawsaypura kawsaypi kimirichishpa mamallakta ukupi, kawsaymarkapipish. Shukshina kawsay tiyashkatapish mana chikanchina kan mamallaktapi kawsak mishukunawan kawsayta. Chaypakka hapinmi shuk yachayñan taripashka rurayta, hunka taripayta, shukniki hakuktayanata, paychipi kimirishpa yuyaykunata pallanapak, chaywanka rurashkami tapuykunata, hapishkami tawka yuyaykunata kay kawsaypura yachayruray ukupi imalla paktaykunata yachaykunapi tiyashkata.

Kipaka shukmanta rimanakushpa imalla taripashka yuyaykunata. Chaymanta rikunkapak mayman chayana kashkata, imapak chayakushkata, kipaka tukuripi churashka yuyaykunata allichinapak, chashnaka yuyaykuna alli yachaykunapi paktachun, mayhan ashtawan taripaykunata charichunpish churashkanchikmi tawka kamukunapi kimirishkata.

YACHAY

RURASHKA YUYAYKUNA TARIPASHKAKUNAPI

Kay taripashkakunata shinchiyachinkapakka, rishkanchikmi Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Humanas y Tecnologías kamuwasiman, kaypimi wakishishka tiyan tawka taripashka llankaykuna kawsaypura rimaymanta, chaymantami mirachin tawka rurashkakunata kay taripashkakunapi.

Kipapika mashkashkanchikmi killkayupayma UNACH ukupi, kaypimi hapishkanchik yachayruray kawsaypurahawa killkakunata imashina paktakushka kay Wiñaykawsay - Runakawsay Yachay yachana uku, kaypi kimirishpa rikuchin: Tantachik kawsaypura kawsay imashina kuyachik wawakunata kallarin watapi paktashkata, kay 21 de Abril kallari yachay wasipi, Lizarzaburu uchilla kitilli, Riobamba llakta, Chimborazo markapi, ishkay waranka chunka kimsa - ishkay waranka chunka chusku watakama (período 2013-2014). Satán Ilbay killkashkapi shuktakkuna killkashkapipish, killkakkunaka nishkami tukuy yachana wasipimi tantachinakan may runa kawsaytamanta shakushkatapish chaskishpa.

Kawsaypura yachanapi, Andoas yachay wasipi Sumak Kawsaypak yachakuk El Socorro ayllullaktapi, Cubijpies uchilla kitilli, Riobamba llakta, Chimborazo markapi, Vilma Moyón yuyaykunata taripashkapika kashanmi nin: “Kawsaypuramanta kawsayka chakrurinmi yachakukkunapika yachaywan, shinami tukuykuna sumak tantalla kawsayta rikuchinkuna” Shinallatak, “Yanapak wasika purinmi llankaykunawan tantachik kawsaypura kawsayta yachakpika, punllanta llankakushkamantaka charinmi pushakkunapak, yachachikkunapak, yaya- mamakunapak yanapayta” (^{Moyón 2017}).

Shinallatak rurashkanchikmi tawka kamukunamanta mashkashpa kawsaypura Ecuador mamallaktapi paktakushkata rikunapak, hapishkanimi alli taripashka llankaykunata, Ecuador kawsaypura hawa Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca kitimanta killkashkapi. Kawsaypura shinallatak yachayhawa Kawsaypuramanta killkashkapi. Kawsaypuramanta yachaykuna: kawsay hawamanta ruyaykuna sinchiyarichunpish kawsaypura yachaykunapish kay killkashapi Castellana - Manchega Runakawsay Yachay nishkashina.

Ashtawanka llankashkanchikmi kay artikulukunawan “Tantachik kawsaypura kawsay: ¿principio o fin de la topia? Elizabeth ^{Castillo Guzmán (Castillo Guzmán 2015}) shinallatak killkashkakunapi. Kawsaypuramanta yachay Ecuador Mamallaktapi purikushkata Yachay-Yachayñankuna (^{Alavez 2014}). Ashtawan kay kamukunapi, Kawsaypuramanta: kawsay, paktaykuna, hayñikuna. Tantachik kawsaypura kawsay Ecuador Mamallaktapi. Tantachik kawsaypura kawsay yachaypi: sinchi paktachina yachachikkunapak.

KAWSAYMANTA RIMAY

^{Alavez ishkay waranka, chunka chushku watapika (Alavez 2014}) kashnami nishka.

“kawsaypika pakta tukuykuna tantarishpa kawsanatami riman kay chikanyashkakunapika: kullkikamay kaysaypi, tantarishpa runa kawsaypi, imashina Pachakamakpi iñishpa kawsakpi, tukuy runakuna tantalla shuk shinalla kawsana kan shuk tantarishka kawsaypika”

(^{Alavez 2014}:29).

Imashinami ñawpaman nishka shinaka, kamuktarinchikmi kawsayka kimirikta tikuykuna tantarishpa kawsanapi, ayllupi runaka kawsakta, maypimi kawsakushkamanta, yachayta paypak kawsaypi ushashkamantapish runaka chikan chikan yuyaykunatami charin, kayka kanmi wasi ukupi imashina yachaykunata chashkishkamanta, shinallatak maypimi kawsakushkamanta, kaytaka rikunchikmi kay Wiñaykawsay yachakukkunapi, chikan chikan Ecuador mamallaktapi tiyak markakunamanta shamushkamanta, chayamushpaka tantarinkunami hatun shuktak shuktak kawsaykunawan, chaymantaka paktanmi sumak yachaykuna, runakunapak paktaykunatapish sinchiyachishpa, kipapika tukuykunapak kawsayta yallichishka Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo katun yachana wasi ukupi.

KAWSAYPURA, TAWKA KALLARI KAWSAYKUNAMANTA

“Paykunapak chikanyashka hawapi, runaka yuyanamikan ushaykunawan hatunyana kashkata payllapish kipaka ayllupipish”. (^{Alavez 2014}: 19) Killkakmanta yuyayta hapishpaka, kawsaypura tantachishka yuyaypika rikunchikmi tantarita kayshukpak chayshukpak yachaykawsaywan, kawsayyachaywan, yachakukkunapak tantanakushka ukupi: yachaykunaka tukuykunapak paktakachun.

Kawsaypura yachay, kawsapuramanta yachaypish rikurishkami ishki chunka Pachakwatapi (siglo XX) Abya Yala Mamallaktakunapi, ishki rimay yachaykunapi sinchiyarishpa llankay paktaykunawan. Mashkashkami maypi kacharirinata, rikuchishkami paypak paktaykunata, mayman chayana kashkatapish, shuk shinalla rikushkawan (^{Castillo 2015}: 19).

Kashna rikushkawanka, rikunchikpi tawka runakawsay pakta ñanta purikushkata, chaymantami rikuchin runa kawsay shinallatak kapakkamay allichirikushkata. Chashnallatak kimirin chikan chikan kawsaykunawan kunan punchakunakama, mana kunkarishka kawsakukkuna ukupi, kay yuyaywan, shamuk wawan wawakuna ama kunkarichun paykunapak yachaykawsayta, kawsayyachayta, imashina kaysayta, churayta, rimaytapish.

KAWSAYPURAMANTA HAMUKTARISHUN

La Kawsaypuramanta rimayka kishkarishkami Abya Yalapika iskun chunka watakunapi, kallarishkami ashka illaykuna tiyashkamanta, tawka ayllu kawsaykunapura tiyashkamanta, chaywanka tukuykunapak paktaykuna tiyachun, ashtawanka chimpapuranmi llakichikkunamanta, runa kashkamanta piñaymanta, anchuchishka kanamanta, chaywanka llankankapak tukuykunapak wiñarita, pakta kanatapish, kay hatun yachay wasipi yachakukkunawan (^{Walsh 2009}).

Runakunawan, yanakunawan tantarikpika, rikunchikmi kawsaypuramanta tantarishpa kawsayta, ashawankarin ñawpa punchakunamantami shamushka tukuy mamapachapi wiñarishpa chikan chikan kawsayta charishkamanta, shinallatak yachakukkunami rikuchishka chikan chikan yachaykunata, paktaykunata, yachaykawsayta, kawsayyachayta, shinapish maypika mana pakta rikushkachukashka.

Kawsaypuramanta rimayka rikuchinmi, kay hawa unanchashpa yallishkata, hapitapish, imata yuyashkatapish, runa kawsay paktashkatapish, ashtawanka mashkanmi rimanakuyman chayanata, tantalla kawsayman, pitapish mana piñanapak, chaywanka riksichinkapak ama llakichichun tawka runa kawsaykuna tiyashkata chikan chikan hatun yachana wasukunapi, ashawankarin tukuy imapish paktakachun tukuykunapak.

Shukmanmi churana kan ima hawamanta llapishpa llakichikuktapish, chaymantami kawsaypuramanta rimayka kimirin shuk hillaykinapi llankaypak wiñachishpa, yachakukkuna sumakta kawsachun ashtawanka wiñarichun sumak yachaykunapi, chashnallatak kawsachun hatun yachaykunapi ama pipish llakichishka, chikanchishka runa churayta churarishkamanta, runa mama shimita rimashkamanta, chaypimi yachachikpish yachakukpish riksirishpa kawsana kan punllanta.

Utkami allitatak kawsaypuramanta hamuktarinakanchik tukuy llaktakunapi, mana runa ayllullaktakunallapi kay watakunakama shamushka shinaka, kaypika wankurinami kan tukuy mishukunapish, yurakkunapish, yanakunapish, shuktak runakunapish, chashnami kawsaypuramanta rimayka yachashkakanka shuk rikuchina llankaywan ashka alli yuyaykunawan tukuy yachakukkunapak.

KAWSAYPURAMANTA YACHAYPI

“Rukunapak kuyuy Ecuador mamallaktapika yaykuchishkami kawsaypuramanta yachaywata kay kapakkamay kishkaykunapi, chaywanka ñantami pashkashka shuk pakta kimiri tiyachun runakunawan shinallatak pachamamawan. Chaymantami yuyaypi apana kan ñawpa pachakwatakunamanta runakunaka llakichishka, chikanchishka kawsashkata, kashna llakikunaka patsak watakunatami sinchiyashka”

(^{Krainer y Guerra 2016}:12).

Kay chunka watakuna kipapika, ashawan shinchiyarishkami runakunapak yanakunapak rakirishkakunapi, tawka runa kawsaykunapi wankurishka kashkamanta, chaymantami sumakta yachakukkunapi paktakushka, ashtawankarin kawsaypuramanta yachayka paktashkami yachakukkunata tantachispa tawka kawsaykunapi kay hatun yachaykunapika.

Yachaykuna, yachayñanta pushakpish ashka alli yuyaykunatami churashka kawsaypuramanta yuyarinkapak. Kawsaypuramanta yachay rimayka, imashinami riksinchik yuyaykunamanta shinallatak ruraykunamanta, rikuchinmi tantachishpa yachayñan pushaywanka pakta yuyaywan hamuktarishpa richun, tawka kawsaykuna tiyashkata rimachun, runa kawsay allichirikushkatapish, ashtawankarin shinchita kuyaywan rimashpa riksichichun tawka kawsakuna tiyashkata.

Ñawpa yuyaykunapika rikuchunmi ñukanchik runa kawsayta riksinata, ñukanchik runa kawsay punchanta llankarichun. Chaymantami chaskina kan shuktak yachaykuna kawsay hawamanta tiyashkata, shinapish tukuykunami pakta allinishka kana kan. Kashna kuyaywan llankashpallami hatunyaytukunchik, paktata hamuktarishpa kayshuk kawsaykunamanta shinallatak paktaytukunchik tukuy runa kawsaypi tantalla wankurishpa.

CHANIY KAWSAYPURAMANTA YACHAYPI

May chaniymi kan rurana kawsaypuramanta yachana ukupi pakta wallpay yachaykuna tiyachun yachakuk wamprakunapak, yuyaypimi charina kan paykuna sapi kashkata, paykuna tantachishpa richun mushuk kikinyarinata runakunapak tawka kawsay ukupi kawsakushkamanta kayshuk ayllukunawan, chamantami chikan chikan Ecuador Mamallatapak markakunaman rishpapish kayshuk ayllu kawsayta yanapankuna.

Shinallatak mutsurikmi kan rimana paykunapak ayllu kawsaymanta karupi kashpapish, mana manariksishka runakunachu kan, ashtawanpish yachakukkunaka wakichinkunami paykunapak sapikawsayta, ashwankarin paykunapak iñishkakunawanka kushi kawsaytami charina kan, hayñipi tukuykuna tantarina kan yachana wasi ukupipish. (^{Moyón 2017}). Kawsaypuramanta rimanaka may chaniymi kan hatun yachana wasikunapi, chaywanka yachachikkunapish mashkashpa katichun shuk pakta yachaykunata, paktakachun, iñishkata mana rikushpa yachakukkunaka richun wiñarishpa ushaykunawan, yachaykunawanpish chikan chikan kawsaymanta kashkamanta, yachanapish kan mashikunapura kuyanakunata, paykunapak yachaykawsayta, kawsayyachayta, imashina paykunapak kawsaykaktapish.

HATUN YACHAYKUNAMANTA KAMACHIK LOES, KAWSAYPURAMANTA HATUN YACHAY

Kay hatun yachana yanapak wasikunaka paktachinata, kasuchinata kan chashkishpa chikan chikan kawsaykunata tukuy yachakukkunaman paktata karanapak, chaywanka pakta tantalla sumak kawsayta charichun, tukuykuna tantalla wankurishpa sumakta rimanakushpa.

Shukniki.- Mamallaktapak kamachiy, kashnami nin Ecuador Mamallakta mamakamachiy hayñi, kishpirishka runakunapak, llakta-ushay, hawaman awkiyay, kikinlla, paylla, tantachik kawsaypura kawsay, tawka kaysayyuk, riksinalla, mana iñipish kikinyashka mamallaktami kan. Kay hatun llaktaka Mamallakta shinami tantarin, pushayta ushanmi tawkata rurashpa. Kimsaniki shuk.- Ecuador Mamallaktapak kamachiy, rimanmi Mamallaktapak llankaymi manuna kan mana pita llakichishpa, paktachichina mamakachikpi killkashka tiyakuk hayñikunata, Mamakamachikpak hawapi Mamapachakunamanta shamushka kamachikkunawanpish, ashtawankarin yachaymanta, hampimanta, mikuymanta, pakta wakaychiska kanamanta, yakupish tukuykunapak. Shinallatak, ishkay chunka suktaniki.- Ecuador Mamallaktapak mamakamachiy rimanmi yachayka hayñimi kan runakunapak tukuy kawsaypi, ashtawanakarin paktachinatak, kasuchinatak. Shinaka kanmi utkashpa llankayta paktana tukuykunapak kapakkamaywan, llankaykunapi kullkita churashpapish, tukuykunapak imapish paktakachun, llakta-ushaypipish tantalla, kay rimashkakunaka paktachun Sumak Kawsaypak. Tukuy runakuna, tukuy ayllukuna, tukuy mamallaktami kawsak runakunami charin hayñita shinallatak paktachiy yachaykunapi chakrurishka kanapak. (^{LOES 2010}: 5)

Tantachik kawsaypura kawsaytaka paktachinchikmi mamallaktapika, ima pacha kallarirka mamakamachiyta rurashpa ishkay waranka pusak watamanta (2008), kay Ecuador Mamallakta mamakachiy ukupi, kipapika tantachinkapak hatun yachana wasikunapi, punchanta yuyaypi apashpa Sumak Kawsayta shinallatak tantachishkami kay Hatun Yachana Kamachikkunapi ishkay waranka chunka watapi (2010), imashinami hamutarinchik ñawpa killka llankaykunapi nishka shina.

Kimsa patsak, shusku chunka kimsaniki.- Tantachinmi shuk ñaypaman rikuyta kawsaypuramanta kimirishpa hayñi ayllullaktakunapi, maypimi tukuy llaktakuna charin kasuchinata, punchanta kallarikunata, yachakukkunapak hayñikunapish tiyanmi Hatun Yachana Wasikunapi; ashtawanka mashkanmi kuyaywan yanapak yachakkuna tiyachun, hayñita shinallatak tawkakawsayta paktachikkuna kachun (^{LOES 2010}: 7).

Imashinami nikun kanchis chunka shukniki.- Hawaman Yachana Kamachik, taripanmi sumak kashkata, mana pantashpa tantalla winarita, hayñita runa kawsaymanta shinallatak yachay kawsaymantapish, kaywanka ashawan punkuta paskashpa tikra wiñachinapak ñawpa runakunapak kawsayta, tantalla kawsayta, wankurinata, hayñipi kawsanata tukuykunawan Hatun Yachana Wasi ukupi, shinaka tukuy yachakukkunata sumak yuyaypi churashpa.

KAWSAYPURAMANTA YACHAY TUKUY RUNAKUNAPAK

Kay hatun yachana wasikunapika kunan punchakunapi tiyanmi sinchita riksik chayachina, kay tantachik kawsaypura kawsay yachaywata hatun yachay wasikunapi, chaymantami utkashpa kallarina kan tantachina yuyaywan tantachik kawsaypura kawsay yachaywata, chashnallatak yachayta sinchiyachishpa, tantachishpa tukuykunapak. Krainer y Guerra (^{Krainer y Guerra 2016}) Minishtirinpish rikurana runakunapak kuyurikunapi kaparishkakuta paktakushkata shinallatak utkashpa riksina imalla wiñay kawsaypay mañaykunata paktashkata kay kipa watakunapi, wiñachispapish rimay-yuyaykunata kawsaypura yachayta tukuykunapak.

Ecuador Mamallaktapak mamakamachiy kutinriksinmi mamallakta tawka kawsayyuk runakuna tantarishka kawsayta charishkata, kawsaypuramanta hawaman yachayta ñaypakman churashpa, tukuykunaman pakta yachayta karachun. Kaypika rikurinmi ^{LOES maypimi kutinwan allichirishka ishkay waranka chunka watapi (2010}), chaymantami kutinllatak chikan chikan ushayta pakta yachakukkunawan mushukyachishka runakunapi yuyarishpa, kaya minchaka paykuna Mamallaktata pushana kashkamanta.

^{Krainer ishkay waranka sukta watapi (Krainer 2006}) kashna nishka, chaymantami tantachik kawsaypura kawsayka Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Riobamba llaktapika charin ñaypanchishkata kanchis chunka watakunamanta kay tantanakushka kishkata-ñawirinata yachay llankaykunapi, kaytaka Monseñor Leonidas Proañomi yanapashka shinallatak Escuelas Radiofónicas de Chimborazo anki uyariwan, shinapish Antisuyupi mayhan chiri shalkakunapika mana imapish sakirishkachu chikan chikan llankaykunata churashkamanta kay ishki rimay yachayhawa, chashnallatak Shuar anki uyarimantapish.

TANTACHIK KAWSAYPURA KAWSAYMANTA YUYAYTA SINCHIYARI UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO

Tantachik kawsaypura kawsay kay hatun yachay wasikunapi ashtawankarin kay UNACH hatun yachana wasipika kanmi paktachinatak, chikan chikan hatun kawsaykunamanta yachakkuna kaypi shakushkamanta, tawka Ecuador Mamallaktapak suyukunamanta shamushkamanta, chaymantami pushakkunapish, yachachikkunapish mashkana kan tantachinata shuk ñan llankayta, ashtawanka tukuy yachakukkunapak kawsayta rikushpa. ^{García (García 2015}) kashnami nin:

Chaymantami, kay tantachik kawsaypura kawsayka mana churashkakan kay yachay ñan ukupika, yachaykunapish, wallpaykunapish, nama tiyanchu kay yachay ñanta rurashkakunapi shuk ñanta hapishpa yachayta karana ukukunapipish. Chaymantami mana riksinkuna ishki alli paktana ñankunata, maypimi pushanakan pakta yachaykunata; shukpika tawka-tantachik kawsaypura kawsay yuyaykunata, kipapika yachay ñankuna mayta purinata. Chaywanka paktachinkapak mayta hillaykunawan purina kashkata wiñashishpa yachana wasi ukupi, kipapika yuyarishpa chikan chikan paktachikkuna tantarishka kashkata. Shinallatak chikan chikan yachay ñankunata, yachaypak hillaykunawan, chaymanta llukshikta sakina kan shuklla yuyay yachaymanta, kawsaymantapish, ashtawanka mana pita piñashpa paktana tiyachun, kutin riksishpa chikan chikan hayñikunata, shinaka panpashpa rinkapak llakichik yuyaykunata, kipaka ñawpakman purinkapak pakta tantalla yachayman, kawsayman, runa-kawsaypi tiyashka piñanakuypish tukurichun, ashawan kuchuyarinapak aylluyarinkapak, tukuykuna kay shuklla mamapachapi kashkata yuyarishpa

. (^{García, Bravo, Tello y Varguillas 2015})

Piñanakuna-llakichinakunata kunkarinami kanchik, kaymi shuk hatun yuyay kan tukuykunapak, llukllayarinami kanchik ñukanchik yachaykawsaywan chikan chikan runa kawsaymanta kashpapish, wiñarinami kanchik shuk yachay ñanpi paktata Universidad Nacional de Chimborazopi, kay yuyayta tukuykunaman karachun hatun yachana wasipi, pakta runa yuyaykunata sumak yachaytapish tukuykunaman, sinchiyachishpa tukuykunapak kawsayta shuk sumay mushuk kawsayta runakuna purichikushkamanta.

Kay UNACH hatun yachana wasika wakichinmi yachakukkunata, yachachikkunata, chaypi llankakkunata, chikan chikan Mamallaktapi tiyak suyukunamanta shamushkakunatpish, charinmi tawka runa kawsaykunata shinamantami rikushka shuk hatun yachay tantachik kawsaypura kawsayta, chashnallatak tawka kawsaykunata yanapan. Chaymantami yachakukkunaka mañan shuk paykunapak kawsaymanta yachana ñanta kutinriksishka kanapak, chaskishkapish tawka kawsayta. Bravo, ishkay waranka chunka pichka watapika (2015) kashnami nishka:

Kay Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo mashkanmi shinchiyachinata runakunapak kawsayta, chaywanka ima llakikunatapish allichinapakmi yallirin, shinaka karankapak kawsaypuramanta yachay ñanta, chaymantami charin chikan chikan yachanakunata karankapak. Shinallatak taripaykunata tantachisha nin hatun yachaykunapi, sinchitatak yachakukkunapi, yachachikkunapi kay Wiñaykawsay - Runakawsay Yachay yachana ukupi, maypimi chakrurin chikan chikan ayllu kawsaymanta rikuchishpa tawka kawsayta paykunapak yachaykunamanta, yachay kawsaymanta, kawsay yachaymanta, purinapak paktana yuyaywan arinishkawan chashnallatak hayñikunapi tukuykunawan. (^{García et al. 2015})

YACHAYRURAY KAWSAYPURAMANTA KAY WIÑAYKAYSAY-RUNAKAWSAY YACHAY YACHANA UKUPI

Rurashkawan rikuchishka yachaykunaka kay watakunapika rikuchinmi tawka yuyaykuna tiyashkata riksikchayachishpa (kawsaypuramanta yachay wasi ukuta). Rimay rurashkawan rikuchishka kawsaypuramanta kay Wiñaykaysay - Runakawsay Yachay yachana ukupi, kaypika rikurinmi utkashpa yupana shuk hawalla yuyaykunawan, ashtawankarin tukuy imalla minishtirishkakunawan yachakukkunapak chikan chikan mamallaktapak suyukunamanta shamushkamanta, paykunaka mashkashpa shamushkakuna shuk tantachik hatun yachayta, chaymanta chimpapuran paykunapak kawsaywan. Minishtirinmi riksina tawka runakunapak kawsayta, maypimi tuparinchik chakrurishka yachakkunawan, shinallatak imashinatak tantarin kay tawka runapak kawsay kawsaypurapi.

RIKUSHKAKUNA, RURAY PAKTASHKAKUNA RUNAKUNAPAK AYLLULLAKTAKUNAPI

Shuk sumay taripaytami charini kay Shuchilkun ayllullaktamanta, Alausí kitimanta, kaypika runakunaka llukshinmi wasikunamanta utka llankanaman allpakunapi, kimsa pacha chusku pacha tutamantata, apankunami sumak kukayuta ashawan pachakunata yallichinkapak, shinaka kutinkunami wasiman pichka pacha chishita mikuyta ruranapak, yakuwan mayllarinapak, chay kipaka llankaypi shaykushkamanta puñushpa samarinapak.

Kay runakunaka ashka kuyayta rikuchikkunami kan shuktak runakuna wasiman chayaypika, alli shamushka nishpa chaskinkuna, mikuyta-upyayta karan, ima pichilla charishkatapish mana pakashpapi shuktakkunaman karan.

Mamakunaka wawakunata allichin yachay wasiman richun shinapish kuchullapimi sakirin yachana wasika, yachayka kallarinmi kanchish pacha tutamantamanta, wawakunaka rimankuna Kichwa shimita imata mana manchashpa yachana ukupi, paykunapurapish, yachachikpak ñawpakpipish. Allita kichwa shimita rimashpapish, shinallatak allitami mishu shimitapish rimankuna.

PAKTACHIKUNA RUNAKUNAPAK KAWSAYTA YACHANA WASU UKUPI

Alli runa kawsayta yachakukkunapi rikuchinkapak, shinchiyachinkapakka kanki hatun yachana wasikunapi shinallatak yachana wasi ukupimi mushukyana kan sumak yachayta kushpa kawsaypak, makitakuk shunkuta charichun, hayñinata tawka kawsaypi, runakunawan tantalla paktachun, tukuy imalla yachay minishtirishkatapish yachakukkunapi. Chaymantami kay killkakunapika riksichin ima yuyaywan yachayta rikuchisha nikushkata, kay runapak paktaykunawanmi kawsaytukunka sumakta tukuykunawan tantarishpa yachana wasi ukupi (^{Zambrano 2007}: 6).

IMASHINA CHAKRURIN RUNA AYLLUKAWSAY YACHAPI

Tiyanmi hatun wankuri runakunamanta kay hatun yachaypi, ashawankarin kay Wiñaykaysay - Runakawsay Yachay yachayna ukupi, charinmi mishukunata, runakunata, yanakunata, karumanta shamushkakunata, shinapish manarik tiyanchu shukutitak kachariri kaykama paykunapak shimipi rimankapak, kayka kanmi yachachikkuna manarak sakishkamanta ashtawanka mana karashkamanta hawalla rimachun (^{Chávez 2009}).

Hatun yachay wasikunaka yuyarinami kan runakunapak kawsayta rimachun, Universidad Nacional Chimborazomanta, shinallatak kay Wiñaykawsay - Runakawsay Yachay yachana ukupika, punkuta paskankunami tukuy yachakukkunaman chikan chikan Ecuador mamallakta suyukunamanta shamushkakunamanpish, ashtawanpish yanapanmi kullkikunawan yachakukkunata. Sinchita kaparishkakunami Ecuador mamallaktaka mama Dolores Cacuango shinallatak mama Transito Amaguaña, paykunamikan yachaymanta sinchita kaparikkuna runakunapak hayñikunamanta tukuy Ecuador mamallaktapi kawsakkunamantapish.

YACHAYPI PAKTASHKAKUNA

Yachay paktashkahawa rimashpaka mashkakunchikmi kawsaypuramanta paktakushkata, kaywanka yanapankapak, ashtawanka tantachinami kanchik yachakukkunata paykunapak chikan chikan yachaykawsayta shinallatak kawsay yachayta paktachunkuna kay hatun yachana wasikunapi.

“Hatun yachana wasikunapakka yachaypi paktaykunaka yachayñan makikunapi kan yachachikkunapak llankaywan, yachakukkunaman chayankapakka, shinallatak achikmikan shuk yachak wamraka piwan mana chimpapuraypak pachata charishkata, chaymantami rikuchina alli yachaymanta hatun yachay wasikunapak kashkamanta” (^{Rivera 2012}: 67).

Yachaypi paktashka yuyaykunamanta rakirishkapa tantachinmi ushaykunata shinallatak chakruchinmi shuk tantachishka kawsay yachayta, ushaykunata, imashina paktachitukukta, mayman chayana yuyayta charikta, muskuykunata, rurana yuyaywan, tapukkunawan kay hatun yachana wasipi yachakukkunapi, chaywanka hapinkapak shuyashka paktaykunata, chaymantami kutin riksinchik yachakukkunata hayñiwan, ashtawankarin chashkinchik, rikuchunchik kushikuywan kashkata, mana piñashkatapish, chaywanka ñawpakman purinkapak paktata riksishka yachaykunawan.

UNESCO, paypak willachishka Yachayka sumak kuritami tantachin, shuk waranka iskun patsak iskun chunka sukta watapi (1996), rikuchishkami hatun sapi charirinakunata, maypimi ishki pachaywata shuk (S.XXI) yachayka charirishpa purina kashkata: yachashpa riksinkapak, yachashpa rurankapak, yachashpa tantalla kawsankapak shinallatak yachashpa kikin kankapakpish.

SAPSI YACHAYPI PAKTASHKAKUNA

Yachayka sapikunawan tawka kuyuri llankaykunapi, chaymantami kutichin ashtawan yachakukkuna punchanta paktakushkata. Chashnallatak charinmi shuk wiñachishka yachayta yachakukkunamanta, paykunapi rikuchin llankaywan paktashkakunata (^{Calizaya 2018}). Chaymantami yachaypi paytaykunaka chakrurishkakan kay pakta yachaykunawan ashawanka hatun yachay wasikunapish allita paktachikushka, maypimi yachayka riksikchayarin yachakukkunamanta, yachachikkunamantapish charin shuk sumay chakrullakana yuyayta, shinami chakrurin paktana yuyaykuna, chaymantami minishtirin shuk yachaypak shinakuna chaypish kachun yachakukkunapak munashkashina.

YACHAY RURAYTA RIKUCHI

Tiyanmi tawka rurashpa rikuchinakuna yachaykunapi, imalla minishtirishkawanmi utkashpa yanapan yachakukkunata. Kallaripika charinchikmi umapi churashpa yachayta, kayka paktanmi yachakuk mana pakta umapi yachayta taripakpi, imayaykunata, shimirimayta ñawpaman yachashkakunawan, chaywanka nisha ninmi kawsaypi imalla yachaykunata taripashkawan.

Utkami kaytaka rikuchina, ashtawanka chaskishpa yachanapi, kaypika yachakukka mana imata riksikchayanchu ashtawanpish harkarinmi riksinata yachaykunata, kipata riksik chayachinkapak yachachikkunaman paywan yachakukkunamanpish. Llatanashpa yachanapika, yachakukkunami llatanankuna imakaykunata shinallatak tikra nikishpa allichinapak kipapak churayta yachay ñankuna karuyashka kashkamanta. Unanchashka yachaykunaka, tantachin taripaykunata patsak patsak kachun chimpapuranpish mushuk yachaykunawan ñawpakunawan watachishpa kipaka allinichishpa tukuy yachay ukupi.

YACHAYPI SHINAKUNA

Kay rurashpa yachayñan sinchiyayta yachanakunapi churanaka yallinatakmi kan yachakukkuna chashkichun unanchashka yachayta, chaymantami tukuylla yachaypika makita churashkata rikunchik, yanapashkatapish paktaykunawan mana chikanyashpa.

TANTALLA WANKURISHPA YACHAYPI

Tantalla wankurishka yachayka wacharinmi kutichishpa paktachina yuyay-llankayta yachaypi kay hatun yachana wasikunapi, chaymantami shukmanyachin tawka rurayta, maypi kuskapi, charinmi yachachiktaka ñanta paskakkachun, chawpishpa tantachik yachayta kaypika yachakukpish charinmi hillakunata yachayta mashkankapak shinallatak sinchikunami rimanakunapak yachachikwan, chashnallatak charinami kanchik yuyaypi yachakukkunapish mana tukuykuna shukshinalla yachayta hamuktariktapish, ashtawankarin paykunapak yuyashkashina yachayta paktachun (^{Ramírez 2017}).

YACHAYÑAN

Chaypakka ministirirkami kamukunapi kimirishpa taripaykuna, ayllu llaktakunapi tapuykuna kipapika rikushkakunata willashpa. Yachayñan rikushpa willashkakunawanmi ñanta paskarka ashawan kallari yachaykunata taripanapak kay tawka kawsaykunamanta. Shinallatak ñawirishkawan tawka runakuna killkashkakunata, kayka kanmi mana yupashkakashkamanta, tapuykunawan-tapushkawan paktashkamanta, kaywanka rikunkapak paktakushka mana paktakushkata yachayruray kawsaypuramanta - yachaypish yachakukkunapi kay Runakawsay Yachay ukupi.

Kay yachayñan runakuna paykunakashkata yachakwanka riksik chayaytukushkanchinmi ñawpakman nikushkata manakashpaka kipayakushkata ayllu kawsaykuna, kawsay yachaykuna, paktaykuna, paktachikuna, riksichishpa paykunapak kawsayta; wiñaykaysay yachayñanka, rikuchirkami imashina wiñarishpa shamushka hayñikunata yapinkakama, paktankakama, yachaypish tantalla tukuy runakunapak mana ima kaykunata rikushpa; runakawsay, maymantakashka, iñishkata, yuyashkata, kari-warmi kashkata.

Ashtawankarin imashina paktakushkata paykunapak kawsay yachayta, yuyaykunata, shinallatak riksikchayan, chaskinpish tawkapura kaysayta imashinami Hatun Yachay Kamachikkunapi nikushkata, Ecuador Mamakachiy ishkay waranka pusak (2008) watapi killkashkatapish; kay yuyaykunata uchillayachispa yachayñanwanka rurarirkami tantachik kawsaypura kawsay yachaywan chimpapurashpa, shuk ñanta hapirkami kallari yachaykunamanta chaywanka wiñachinapak allitatak hamuktarishpa yachaykunata.

LLAKTAKUNAPI TARIPASHKAKUNA

Kaykunaka rurarirkami Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo wasikunapi, Wiñaykaysay - Runakawsay Yachayta yachakukkunapi, shuk nikimanta pusak nikikama tukuy hatun yachay wasipi yachakukkunapi, paykunami llakikunata rikuchik kan kay taripaykunapak, chaymantami llankarirka tapuykunata churashpa chashnallatak tapushkawan yuyaykunata pallanapak, pakta taripaykunata mashkakushkamanta. Kay paktaykunata rurushka kipaka taripashka yuyaykunatami tantachiska kan, chaywanka allichinapak imalla llakikunata rimanakushpa churashkata (Shukniki shuyu)

Kallari: Tapukkuna Runakawsay Yachayta yachakukkunata

Shuyu 1: Shukniki shuyu

RIMANAKUSHKA - PAKTASHKAKUNAPISH

Kay yachayhawa hamuktarinchik kawsaypuramanta rurashpa rikuchita, purishka pakta-yachaytapish, tapushkakunapika willanmi mana pakta kanchu rurana llankayta yachana wasi ukukunallapi tantachik kawsaypura kawsaymantaka, kawsaypuramanta llankay paktaykunatana ashtawanka ñukanchik kawsay ukupika uchilla tushuykunalla kashkata hamuktarishkamanta, shuk pampa mikuylla, shuk iñikunalla nishpapish kashkamanta, ashtawankarin kanmi shuk mushuk kutin rikuchi kay ruraykunaka, mana uchilla llankaykunallachukan, punchanta wiñarinamikan rimanakuy kunan puncha kawsayta rikushpa paktakachun, yachachikwanpish shinallatak yachakukwanpish.

Utkashpa rimanakuna yuyaytiyanmi, maski mana hawalla paktana yuyay kakpispish, yachakukmi purinakan kay yuyayta katishpa, mana kawsaypuramanta yuyayta wakllichishpa ashtawankarin chayanapak chay runata hayñishpa, chay washaka yachakuk rina yachachikman, kipaka paykuna pakta kachun.

Kawsaypuramanta yachay hawa rikukpika, tawka kawsaypimi charirishpa wiñarin shinallatak tukuylla tantarishpa hayñiwan hatun yachayta allichinapak, achka yachachikkunami nishkakuna ari kutinllatak hatarichinapak, hamuytarinapak, chashnallatak ayllullaktapi yachashkakunata hapishpa ushankapak, pachamamanta yachaytapish tantachishpa, runa kawsaytapish, yachaytapish, yupaykunatapish, kaykunami kan allita purichikuna kawsayta shinchiyachinapak, rurankapakpish tantachishpa mana llakichik yachaykunata, tutuykuna wankurishpa. Shinallatak rimanchik shuk sumak tawka kawsaykunata, mana shukllayachishpa runata, maypimi mana kuyurin, maypimi kawsaytaka shukllami tiyan nishpa yuyakta, mana kawsaypi allichirinata, chaymantami runakakunaka yachaywan allichirinata yayanakanchik.

Chaymantami tapuykunapika kashna ninkuna, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo hatun yachana wasi ukupi yachachik, mañayta churanmi yuyaykuna tiyachun tantachik kawsapura kawsayta mushukyachinapak, shuk paykuna ukumanta kashnami nin wiñarinami kan yachaykuna kawsaypura hawa, shuktak yuyanmi ashtawanpish mañanmi kichwata yachanata.

Kipapika, shuk yachachik mañanmi, tantachik kawsaypura kawsay yachayta hamuktarichun yachay ukupi llakikuna tiyashkata, mana ashtawanpish shuk rurashpa rikuchishpa yachaywan harkanachukan yachana ukupi. Shinallatak mana harkaritukunchu shuk yachayllapi. Ashtawankarin shinchitami rimanakuna, kay yachaykunaka tukuykunapak kachun. Kay kipapika churanipi shuyukanata, maypimi rikuchinka tawta taripaypi paktashkakunata (Ishkayniki shuyu)

Kallari: Tapuykuna Yachayhawa Yachayta pushakkunapi UNACH

Shuyu 2: Ishkayniki shuyu

TUKUCHIKUNA

Las Yachachikkunaka kay yachayñankunatami paktachinkuna Wiñaykaysay - Runakawsay Yachay yachana ukupika punchanta. Kamachishpa, tantachishpa tukuy yachakukkunapak, paktaykunaka willanmi paykunallatak ashka llankay yachayñampi tiyashkata, yachayta yuyaywan paktanapak yachayruray kawsaypuramanta, imashinami rimakun Ecuador mamakamachikpi.

Ashtawankarin, utkami rimana kan rurashpa paktachinapak kichwata rimak yachakukkunapi, paykunaka apankuna shuk shuyuta aychapi charik shina, charinkuna chikan chikan yachay kawsaykunata, yuyaypimi apanakan kawsaymanta rimaykunata aychayachishpa, mana kukutashina rikunachukanchik chashna rurashpaka mana paktachikunchikchu kawsaypuramanta llankaytaka.

Nishkanchikmi kay yachayruray kawsaypuraka kanmi shuk ñanta purina paktay - yachaypish, wiñachinmi rimanakunata, tantanakunatapish yachakukkunapura yachana wasi ukupi. chaymantami, tantachik kawsaypura kawsayka ñanta paskarka runata shunkuwan rikunapak, yachakukkunaka rikuchinmi shuk kawsayta, chaymantami Wiñaykawsayta - Runakawsay Yachay yachana ukupi yachakukkunaka rikuchinkunami paykunapak runa kawsayta, runa ruray-rikuchita, ashtawankarin sinchiyarinkuna kayshuk yachakukpak kawsayta rikushpa chikan chikan Ecuador Mamallaktapak markakunamanta yachanaman shamushkamanta kay Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo hatun yachana wasipi.

Runakunapak kawsaypi, hayñi tawka kawsaypikakanmi rimanakunatak kay Wiñaykawsay - Runakawsay Yachay yachana ukupi yachakukkuna paktachichun, kipapika rikuchinmi sumak tantanakushpa kawsayta, tawka chikanyashka kawsay tantarishpa sinchiyashkata, mana pipish paylla kawsashpa, maypimi mana purín yachayka paktashpa hamuktarina yuyaywan.

Kanmi kapakkamay UNACH pushakkunapak, imashina killkashkashina kamachik yachana wasipak, yachayta katinañan yachachikkunapak kamachikpi nishkashinaka, kayanmi yachayrurayman kawsaypuramanta yachana wasi ukupipish kanllamanpish, tukuy hatun yachana wasipi tantarishkakunaman hayñikunawan iñishkakunata, kawsayyachayta, yachaykawsayta yachakukkunapi tukuypak punkukuna pashkashka kashkamanta, Mamakamachiypi nishkashina paktachun tantachik kawsaypura kawsaypak, kay hatun llankaykunapika charinchikmi kichwa shimi yachay yaykuchuntak yachayñankunapi, chashnallatak kay Maestría en Pedagogía Mención Docencia Intercultural yachana ukupipish allimi hapishkakuna, ñami chushku niki paktaykunapi. Shinallatak shuktak yachaykunapipishmi kay ayllullakta yachaykunata paktachikunkana, shinapish ashka llankaykunami illan ashawan kawsayrurayta paktanapakka

RIKUSHKA KAMUKUNA:

Alavez, A. (2014). Interculturalidad: concepto, alcances y derecho. México: Camara de Diputados. Obtenido de https://rm.coe.int/1680301bc3 [ Links ]

Calizaya, L. M. (2018). Autoestima y Logros de Aprendizaje en los Estudiantes del Cuarto Grado de la Iinstitución Educativa Secundaria Almirante Miguel Grau Seminario ILO - 2017. Puno: UNAP. Obtenido de http://repositorio.unap.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/UNAP/8074/Calizaya_Mamani_Lillian_Mery.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [ Links ]

Castillo, E. (2015). La interculturalidad: ¿principio o fin de la utopía? Revista Colombiana de Eduación(69), 18. Obtenido de http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rcde/n69/n69a02.pdf [ Links ]

Chávez, M. (2009). Ser indígena en la educación superior ¿desventajas reales o asignadas? Revista de la educación superior, 7. Obtenido de http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0185-27602008000400003 [ Links ]

García, J., Bravo, P., Tello, M., & Varguillas, C. (2015). Conceppcion de la Interculturalidad en la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo: Una propuesta para la formacion profesional desde la diversidad cultural. Riobamba: Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador. Recuperado el 2019, de https://dspace.ups.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/13974/1/soph_n18_Garc%c3%ada_Bravo_Tello_Varguillas.pdf [ Links ]

Krainer, A. (2006). Interculturalidad y educación. Desafios Docentes. Quito: FLACSO. Obtenido de https://biblio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/catalog/resGet.php?resId=56204 [ Links ]

LOES, L. O. (2010). LEY ORGÁNICA DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR, LOES. Quito. Recuperado el 06 de 04 de 2019, de https://www.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2014/03/LEY_ORGANICA_DE_EDUCACION_SUPERIOR_LOES.pdf [ Links ]

Marquez, C. (10 de 11 de 2017). EL COMERCIO. Obtenido de Dos universidades dan identidad a Riobamba: https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/universidades-identidad-riobamba-ecuador-fiesta.html [ Links ]

Moyón, V. (2016). La interculturalidad en la Educación de la Unidad Educativa Andoas en el Buen Vivir de los estudianetes de la comunidad el Socorro, Paeeoquia de Cubijíes. Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador. Obtenido de http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/bitstream/51000/4503/1/UNACH-FCEHT-TG-C.SOCI-2018-000006.pdf [ Links ]

Ramírez, S. (2017). Aprendizaje colaborativo y logros de aprendizaje. Lima. Obtenido de http://repositorio.upch.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/upch/1450/Aprendizaje_RamirezRengifo_Segundo.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [ Links ]

Rivera, M. (2012). Clima de aula y logros de aprendizaje. Lima. Obtenido de http://repositorio.usil.edu.pe/bitstream/123456789/1303/1/2012_Rivera_Clima%20de%20aula%20y%20logros%20de%20aprendizaje%20en%20comunicaci%C3%B3n%20integral%20del%20quinto%20grado%20de%204%20instituciones%20educativas%20de%20Ventanilla.pdf [ Links ]

Walsh, C. (2009). Interculturalidad crítica y educación intercultural . [ Links ]

Zambrano, A. (2007). ¿Para qué educar en valores? Carabobo. Obtenido de http://servicio.bc.uc.edu.ve/multidisciplinarias/educacion-en-valores/v1n7/v1n72007-11.pdf [ Links ]

Recibido: 14 de Octubre de 2019; Aprobado: 12 de Noviembre de 2019

Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons