Spanish (pdf)
Article in xml format
Article references
Automatic translation
Send this article by e-mail
Cited by SciELO 
Similars in
SciELO 
Permalink
KALLARI YUYAY
Kay Ecuador mamallaktamanta mashi Luis Montaluisa Chasiquiza ñawpa pachakunapika Ishkay shimi ishkay kawsaypi hatun yachaykunata hatun pushak karka, shinallatak runakunapak kawsay, yachay, hatun taripay kamukunapi shina nin: imashina ñukanchik runakuna Ecuador mamallaktapi kawsak kaypi kururyanchik, kaypi allichikunchikta rikunkapakka, yachanami kanchik ima murukunamanta, mikunakunamanta, churana, runakunata, wiwakunatapash hampinamanta hatun yachaykunata charinchik, kay tukuy yachaykunatami yachana wasikunapi uchilla hatunkama yachachina kanchik, shinami ñukanchik kawsay, sumak kawsay nishkatapash paktachishun.
Kay tukuy yachaykunapika mana nima kanmanchu mana kichwa shimita yachakpika, chaypimi tukuy yachaykuna, tukuy kawsayta rikukunchik, mashna waranka, hunu pachakuna yallishpapash yachaykunaka ayllukunapi umamanta, ayllukunapak kawsaypi rikurishpa katishkakuna.
Chaymantami ishkay shimi, ishkay kawsay yachaykunata kallarirka, mana shimita wañuchinkapak, shina kashpaka, shimi wañushpaka may kawsaytapash wañuchishunmi, chaytaka mana kimirishunchu. Kay kamukunapimi imashina tawka yachaykuna, yalli sumak yachakkuna, runakunapak kawsaytapash hatunyachishpa, allichishpa, mirachishpa, kururyashpa rina, watan watan shuktak mashikunaman yachachishpa, shinami runa kawsaykunataka mana pi wakllichinka, ashtawanka kunan pachamanta ñawpakman hatunyachishpa, allichishpa, mirachishpa, wiñachishpapash ñawpakman rina yuyaykunatami charirkanchik.
Mana kunanpachapishina ñukanchik Ecuador mamallaktata hatun pushakmanta kallarishpa, tukuy tarishkakuna, tukuy yachaykuna, ishkay shimi, kawsaypura yachaykunataka tukurishpa, wakllichishpa katinkuna, mana ñukanchik runakunamanta tantarikunata, mana runakunapak kawsayta munashkamanta, ashtawanka CONAIE mashikunamanka piñarishpa, makashpa, wakllichihspa sumak yachaykunata tukurikun, wakllichikuna, kay kichwa shimika, kay runa kawsayka mana allichu nishpa.
Kutin kay Consejo Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior del Ecuador (CONEA) hatun tantarika kay Ishkay shimi, kawsaypura yachana wasikunaka yachachikta allichishpa, yachachikkunata wiñachinkapakka allimi, sumakmi kashka nirka ña 2005 watamanta, chaymantami Instituto Superior Pedagógico Intercultural Bilingüe Shuar Bomboiza, “Jaime Roldos A” Colta kitimanta sumak, hatun, sinchi yachana wasikuna karka, puntaniki pampapimi karka, chaymantami ashtawan shuktak yachana wasikunata wiñachishun, nishpa, Universidad yachachikkunapak willachinata wiñachirkakuna, kaykunapika ishkay shimi, kawsaypura yachaykunatami hatunyachinkakuna yuyarkanchik.
Shinami mashi Luis Montaluisa, shuktak yachahcikkunawan tantanakuykunapi, mashi markakunapi ishkay shimi kawsaypura yachaykunata pushak kashpa, Emilio Ajitimbay C., Arturo Yumbay (+), Francisco Grefa shuktak mashikunawanpash imashina, maykan yachaykunata, imashina, imawan, imapak runakunaman yachachinatapash kararkakuna. Kay tukuy yachaykunataka MOSEIB, Kukayu Pedagogico nishka kamukunapimi killkashka, kururyashka, hatunyachishka karka, chaypimi runakunapak kawsay, runakunapak yachay, mashikunapak sumak kawsayta tarirkanchik, ñukanchik yuyayka kayta hapishpa, chayta rikuchishpa, chaypi shamuk wawakunaka yachanami nishpa rurashkanchik. Shinapash kunan watakunaka mana chayta rikukunchik, ashtawanka chay kamukunaka CONAIE mashikuna rurashkaka mana allichu, mana chaytaka yachachinachu nishpami yachana wasikunamantaka anchuchikunkuna, ñukanchik runa yachachikkunapash pay kawsaykunallatik wakllichishpa (Montaluisa 2011).
Kay Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo hatun yachana wasipika imashina mushuk yachachikta wiñachina yachaykunatami ña chusku chunka wata yallimanta apakunchik, ashtawanka waranka iskun pachak sukta chunka iskun watamanta, shinallatak shuktak yachaykunawan paktachishpa: Psicología Educativa, Idiomas, Ciencias Sociales, Informática Aplica a la Educación, Educación Técnica, Ciencias: Biología Matemáticas, Diseño Gráfico, Parvulario e Inicial, Educación Básica, kay sumak yachakunatapash yachachinchik.
Tawka yachaykuna kay pachapi, kay wasipi hapikkunaka, imashina karan punlla, kikin yachana wasikunapi, kikin llamkaypi ruramushkata rikushpami tantachishkanchik, shinallatak shuktak mushuk yachaykunatapash wasiman, llamkayman tikrashpami kikin yachakukkunawan ruranakan, ayllullaktapi, uchilla llaktapi, kitipi, markapi, maypi karan punlla llamkaypi. Shinallatak yachakukkunwan, shuktak pushak, kari, warmi mashikunawanpash rimanakushpa, llakikunata allichina, rikuryashpa pushanami kan, shinami Sumak Kawsayta paktachinkapak.
Kayta paktachinkapakka Ministerio de Educación; Dirección Zona 3 (Cotopaxi, Pastaza, Chimborazo Tungurahua), ñukanchik Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo hatun yachana wasikunawanmi chimpapurashka, rikurishka kashka, shinami yachakukkunaka, kikin yachaykuna, kikin tarishkakunawanka uchilla, hatun yachana wasikunapimi kallaripika yachachina kan, shinallatak shuktak proyectos de vinculación, taripaykuna, tukuy yachashkakunatapash kay yachana wasipi rurana, shinami kikin llamkaypi, kikin yachaykunapash sumak katishpa tukunka, hapinkapash.
Kay Maestría yachaykunaka ñukanchik Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo hatun yachana wasimanta kawsayta, yuyayta hapishkami, shinami kikin yuyay, kikin kawsaytapash pakta pakta chimpapurashka kashkata rikuryashpa rurashkanchik, chaymantami kaymanta shuktak yachachik, pushakkuna, yachakukkuna kari, warmi, shuktak mashikuna kaypi llamkakkunapash hapina, yachana, yachachinata hapina, paktachina kanchik.
Chaymantami kunan pachakunapika imami yachay, imashina yachaykunata hapina, yachaykunaka allí, mana allichu kashkata rikushpa, ñawpakman rinchik. Shina yuyashpa, shina rikushpa, shina kawsashpami kay hatun yachaykunataka kallarishkanchik, chaymantami yachay, taripay, mushuk runapak kawsayta ñawpakman rinkapak.
Shinallatak ñukanchik Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Modelo Educativo, Pedagógico, Didáctico nishkapash kay shuktak uchilla yachaykunawanmi paktachinchik: La interdisciplinariedad, La investigación como herramienta didáctica y La transversalidad, kay tukuy yachaykunawanmi tukuy mashikunaman, tukuy runakunaman kikin kawsayta mana wakllichishpa, ashtawanka mushukyachishpami karakunchik (Unidad de Planificación Académica 2014).
Kay hatun paktayka imashina sumak, hatun yachachik Pedagogía hatun yachay, Mención shuktak kawsaypi, shuktak shimipi, kikin kawsaypi, sumakta, yallita rikushpami yachachik kanka yuyarihskanchik, shinami kay yachachikkunawanka sumak, allí, may sumak kawsaypi mashikuna Ecuador mamallaktapi runakuna rikurinka, kawsankakuna, allí yachayta hapishpa.
Chaymantami kay punta tapuyta, yachay Maestría en Pedagogía mención en Docencia Intercultural rurankapakmi rurarishka kashkamanta willakunchik, shinallatak, samakta mishanakay yachachik tujunkapak yachaykunapi, allí ñanta mash kankapak muchuk yachay junata yachaspa allí yachachik rurankakuna ñukanchic mainallaktapi. Karan yachaypi, karan yachachik, kikin yachaykunapi, yachakukkunaman karakunchik.
Tukuy yachaymanta
Kay hatun yachayta kallarinkapakka alli, paktachishka, sumak, hatun yuyaykunatami charin, kay kamakkunapi:
. (Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo 2009:38)27 niki.- Yachayka runakunapirak yuyashpami rurarinka, shinallatak tukuy mita wiñay runakunapak munashkata paktachinka, pachamama charirayayta yuyashpa, llakta ushayta yuyashpami yachayka rurarinka. Llakta ushay mañakushka, kawsaypurashka, tukuyllapak, yaykuchik, chikanpak, may alli, sumak kanka; shina kariwarimipak paktapakta kachun, kishpiyrita, yanapayta, kasillatapash tankanka; sinchi yuyarinata, sumak rurayta, ukku kuyuyta, sapan munayta, tukuykuna munaytapashmi yachayka sinchiyachinka. Shinallatak ushay mirarita, ukku wiñayta, llankana wallpana ushaymanpash yachayka apunatami charin
Yachayka yachayyayta wiñachinkapa, riksiyachankapa kallari mutsurikmi kan, hayñikunata paktachinkapa, awkiyak Mamallaktata hatunyachinkapami may mutsurik kan; shina tukuy llaktakuna wiñarinkapa shunku mutsurikmi tukun.
. (Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo 2009:38)29 niki.- Mamallaktaka ima yachanata paktachinkallami, sumak yachayta munashka yachayta akllanatami kun. Runakuna kikin shimipi yachana, kikin kawsaypura ukupi yachana hayñitami kun. Taytamamakuna, minkashkakunapash paykunapak churi, ushushi kikin munashka, akllashka yachaypi yachachun churanata ushanmi. Yachaykuna paykunapak tiksiyuyaywan, iñiwan ima yachakuy munaytapash akllanata ushanmi
. (Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo 2009:42)38 niki.- Mamamallaktaka tukuylla llaktayta, yuyak runakuna yachashpa katinatapash churanka; kitillakta, ayllullaktapipash kikin kawsay imashina kakta rikushpami churanka; kariwarmi mana paktakakta, runalayata, kawsaytarpuyta, kikinpak chikankayta, ayllullaktata, tukuyllakunata rikunkami; runa llaktakunata chikan kakta rikushpa yanapak llankaytami churanka; shinallatak sapan runapak kikin kashkata wakaychinata, yuyayta churaypi kachun rikunka, kay llaktaykuna paktarichun mirachina
. (Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo 2009:53)57 niki.- Mamakamachiypi nishkashina sapsita, ayllullaktata, llaktata, runallaktata riksin, kamarinpash; shinallatak runa hay- ñikuna, ista Mamallaktakunapak hatun willaykuna, arinishkakunata shinami paktachin, runahayñikunapash hillaykunawanmi riksirin. Shina tukuypak hayñita riksin, kamanpash. 14. Ishkayshimi kawsaypura yachayta wiñachina, sinchiyachina, hawayachina; kayka kallari yachaymanta, hawayachaykamami may alli kachun yuyayta charinka. Imashina tawkasami kawsaytarpuykuna rikuchishkawanmi kanka; shina kikinkayta yachachina, yachana ñankunawan pakta kamankapa, wakaychinkapa sinchiyachina. Shuk sumakkay yachachik tukuna ñanta paktachirina. Kay yachana llikata kamanaka, minkapi, aynipimi rurarina, ashalla mitapi allichishpa, ashalla pachapimi kanka; tukuykuna rikuypi, ñawinchi tiksitami paktachina
. (Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo 2009:56)21. Sumakkay, chikansami kawsaytarpuy, ñawpa yachaykuna, wiñaykawsay, munaykuna, shuktakkunapash tukuypaklla yachaypi, willaykunapi rikurichun. Kikin willana 56 Kamachiy milka ñankunata wiñachina, paykunapak shimipi willachun, shuktak willana ñankunamanpash mana chikanyachishka kankachu
Shinallatak Ecuador mamallaktapak hatun paktanakuypi, ashtawanka pusak paktaypi willakun: Tukuykunapak kullki apaymanta, rikuraymatapash hayñikuna, 8.1. Mamallaktay kullki churay, 8.2. Tukuykunapak llankak, Ukukuna 8.3. Mamallaktay kullkiwasikuna (Senplades 2013).
YACHAYÑAN
Shinallatak kaypi yachakukkunaka mana umallapi, mana yanka yachaykunallata hapina, chaymantami tukuy taripaykuna, yachay, kikin kawsay, runapak kawsaykunatami karana, hapina, shinami kunan pachapi kawsay, kikin kawsaymanta yachaykunata taripankakuna. Chaymantami nikunchik kaypi tukurik yachakukkunaka: kay yachay kunaka paktachi shunchik yachakukkuna. Ñikanchik yachak kuka lli tapushpa, mashkashpa tarpuna kanchik yachaykunapi. Kayta ruranka pakka allí ñanjunata mashkana kanchik allí yuyaykawawan yachakuk kunaka tukay yachay kunata hamanttanka. Shinallatak kay hayllikunawan rikushpa, mashkashpa, yanaparishpa, mutzurishpa, akllashpa mushuk yachayKunaka hamutankakuna alli yachayta tarpunkapak.
Yachakukkuna allita yachachunka, yachaykunata mashkaytami ashkata rikuna kanchik. Kay rurayka tukuy yachaykunapi, yuyayta wiñachikunapi, imashina yachachinakunapipishmi ministirin. Yachaykunata mashkanapika rikunata, mashkanata, allichinata, yuyaykunata tantachinata, yachayta mashnanakunatapishmi rikuna kan.
Kay taripaykunaka cualitativa, descriptivo, correlacional, inter, multi y transdisciplinarias; nishkami kanakan, chaymantami ima llakimanta kallarishpa, chay washa.
Kay yachakukkunaka kallarimantami uchilla, hatun, kitilli, ayllullakta Chimborazo markamanta chayashpa, rikushpa yachankakuna, shinami sumakta riksinkakuna.
Chaymantami karan yachakuk, kay hatun yachayta hapik yachakukkunaka imashina yachachina, imawan, ima ñanta katina hatun yachaykunatami shuktak mashikunaman karana, taripaykunata rurashpa sakina kan; chaykunawanmi sumak kawsayta paktachishun.
Kay tukuy yachaykunataka 2013 - 2014 watapi yachakukkunata tapushpa, hapishpami kay yachaykunataka akllashkanchik, chaymantami chusku pachak ishkay chunka shuk yachakukkunata tapushpa, chimpapurashpa rurarkanchik.
Karan mashi kaypi yachakukmi shuktak mashikunaman imami kikinpakka mashiyari kawsayta tapushpa, kutichishkata chimpapurashpa churarkakuna, chaymantami nikushkakuna, shina yachachikka imashina hatun yachaypak kamupi, kamakpi nishkatami paktachina nishpa.
PAKTANANCHA
Kay antropología cultural, nishka yachaypika mana mashipak, runapak kawsayta yachachinachu nishkakuna, kay yachaypika runapak kawsaytaka kikin yachaytami charin, kururyashka nishpa
Shinapash maykan yachakuk, yachaksapa runakunaka mana shina yuyarichun, chaymantami Manuel Marzal, hatun yachaksapa runaka ninmi. Runakunapak kawsay yachaykunaka patsak runakuna imashina llakita kawsashkata rikuchikunatami yuyarin. Shinallatak Mexicopi, Ecuadorpi, Boliviapi imashina runakunapak kawsayta allichina yuyaykunata indigenismo yuyaykuna imashina tukushkatami rikuchin. Chashnallatak indianismo imashina wiñarishkamantami yachachin.
Shinami kay Ecuador mamallaktapi yachaymanta pushakkunaka ima watamantami kayta allichinkapak, kayta hatunyachinkapak imatapash rurashpa shamushkakuna, estándares educativos nishkata allichishpa, mushukyachishpa, yachachikkunata mana wakllichishpa, imashina yachaykunata paktachishka, mana paktachishkata rikushpa, chaykunawan sumakta rurankapak nishpa.
Kay mushuk yuyaykunawan yachayta allichinaka imashina kunan watakuna, pachakuna Ecuador mamallaktapi, kay ñukanchik pachallapi rikurishkata hapishpami rurarimun, shuk mashikunami ishkay shimi, ishkay kawsay yachaykunata rikuk, pushakka mama pakta karkachu, mana tukuypak mashikunaman kararkachu nishpa rimashkamanta, chaymantami mana tukuy mashikunaman chayarkachu nishkakuna.
Chaymantami mushuk yachaypak kamakpika nikun Sistema de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (SEIB) rakiri Sistema Nacional de Educación, Subsecretaría de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (Art. 77 de la LOEI), sumaychay:
. (Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo 2009:38)29 niki.- Mamallaktaka ima yachanata paktachinkallami, sumak yachayta munashka yachayta akllanatami kun. Runakuna kikin shimipi yachana, kikin kawsaypura ukupi yachana hayñitami kun
. (Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo 2009:53)57 niki.- Mamakamachiypi nishkashina sapsita, ayllullaktata, llaktata, runallaktata riksin, kamarinpash; shinallatak runa hayñikuna, ista Mamallaktakunapak hatun willaykuna, arinishkakunata shinami paktachin, runahayñikunapash hillaykunawanmi riksirin. Shina tukuypak hayñita riksin
Chaymantami kunan pachapika mana sinchi, mana chakishka shina kanchu, karan mashi, karan yachachikmi kikin yachakukkunaman imata, imashina, imawan yachaykunata karasha nishpaka rikuna kan.
Shinallatak ishkay patapika willakun:
. (Tinoco y Zerda 2001:183)En este nivel la acción corresponde a directivos y profesores de las instituciones educativas, tienen como punto de partida el primer nivel y son adaptaciones curriculares en consideración del contexto institucional. Es el conjunto de decisiones sustentadas y articuladas que permiten concretar el diseño curricular base en programas adecuados a un contexto específico, en el que es prioritario considerar las necesidades educativas básicas
Shinami kayta paktachinkapak, kay kamupi nikunmi karan mashi, karan warmi, kari yachahikmi kikin yachakuk mashimanka imata yachachisha, imashina yachachishata rikushpa, rikushapash willakun.
Kimsaniki yachaykunapika sinallatak willakun:
. (Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, 2009:13)Nivel de concreción del currículo o micro currículo, consideramos el de mayor importancia, tiene como base el nivel anterior y se sitúa en el ámbito de acción en el aula. Compete al maestro y contiene los elementos curriculares básicos. Es la unidad de trabajo correspondiente a un proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje articulado y completo, en el que se concretan objetivos, destrezas, conocimientos, estrategias metodológicas, recursos, indicadores de logro, actividades e instrumentos de evaluación. Todo esto, de acuerdo a las necesidades y características del grupo de alumnos
Kay Antropología Indigenista nishka yachayka ima llakikuna, yachaykuna, imami ayllullaktakunapika rikurin, imamantami wakllichishkatami willakun.
Kunan pachapi, kunan watakunapika mashikunaman, ayllullaktapi kawsak runakunamanka mana wakllichina, mana washaman sakichikuchikchu, ashtawanka paykunami mushuk, yachaksapa yachaykunata karakushkata rikunchik, paykunamantami shimikuna, hatun yachaykunata hapikunchik nishpa kawsanchik.
Chay tukuymi ñukanchik, kay Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo wasipi yachakukkunaka willakun, chaymantami kay Riobamba kitipi kay yachaykunataka munanchik, ñami amañarishka, maypi mikuna, maypi puñuna, imashina kawsanata rikushkanchik nishpa willankuna. Shuktak markamanta, shuktak karu mamapachamanta shamushpapash kaypimi yachasha nishpa willashkakuna. Shinami ima pachapi, ima punllakuna yachasha nishpapash kanchirik punllapi rikushpaka allimi, sumakmi nishpa katinllakuna.
Ricardo Yumi rimana: Kallaripika kinkinkunata kay hataun yachana wasi pushakkunata sumakta napani, kay mushuk yachayjunakamanta wiñarishkamanta kashinkay kanchik ñukanchik katun yachana wasi UNACH, pushakkuna, paktachikun, ñukanchik, munayta kawsayta . Kay rimaykunaka Constitución de la República del Ecudor del 2008, Ley Orgánica de Educación Interculutral willakun. Chaymanta wiñarirka, ñakanchik yachakuk wasikuna, yachachik ishkay shimipi yachayta yachakukkunata karajankuna, ñukanchik mamallaktapi kiti llakpika ishkay shimi ashtawankarimaykuna kawsanchick cjaymanta munanchik muchuk yachakukkinaka. Ishki shimi yachachun, riksichan ishkay kawsaykunata alli runa kankapak manapinkaysiki kanasapak ñukanchik runakunaka maypi kaspapish ñukanchick llactata, ayllukunata mana wañuchina kanchick.
Rimanakuy:
Allimanta, uchillamanta kallarishpami yachaykunataka paktachina, shuktak hillaykunata hapishpa, shinami sumakta paktachishun nishkakuna.
Shinallatak tukuy, sumak yachaykunata hapinakapakka rurarishpa, yachashpa chimpapurashpami rina, shinami mushuk yachakuk runa wiñarinka.
Shinallatak kay maestría yachaykunapi mushuk warmi, mushuk kari yachachikmi wiñarikun, kikin yuyaywan, kikin yachak sapa runa tukushpa.
Katishpaka rikunchik tukuy yachaykunami kay ukupi tiyak Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación nishkawanmi paktachishka, kay shina: Atención a capacidades diferentes, Gestión en procesos educativos, Innovación en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, Calidad en la educación, Cultura e intercultural, recursos didácticos, kaywankunami ima yachaypi llakikunata allichikunchik.
Kaypi yachakuk, kaymanta llukshik mashikunaka kikin pankata, kikin yachaykunata tukurishpaka ima yachana wasipi, ayllullaktakunapi, uchilla, hatun kitipi, shuktak markapi, shuktak mamallaktapipash llamkanallami kan, yachachik, yachaykunapi pushak, rikukpi, imapipash llamkanata ushankami nikunchik, shinallakta kay Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo wasipi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, yachachikpash ruranallami ninchik.
Shinallatak imashinami shuktak markapi, shuktak ayllullaktapi, shuktak mamallaktapi yachaykunata karakunchik, karashkatapash rikunami, chay washa allichishpa katinkapak, mushuyachishpa, ñawpakman katishun nishpa.
TUCUCHIY
Kay willashka, kay mañashkata rikushpaka ninchikmi:
Ruraykatichik yupaylli rikuchinmi yackak kamachikpi pankapi ishki yachay kawsaymanta.
Yachachukkuna tayanmi sumak yachayta ñawpakman apanata ishki yachay kawsayta rikuchik yachay hatuna pampata yachakuna yaykushka ruraykatichik yupaylli.
Ruraykatichik yupaylli yupana paktachishka, yachachik apukun tantachishka yachay, hatun yachana waspi arinishka CES rikuchinmi munashka paktachi hatun yachaykay maestría.
Wankurishka yachaykuna kimerishkami ñukanchikmunayta yachaypi, ishki kawsaypi yachana kakta.
Sumak yachachik wankurishka yachakkuna hatun yachana wasipi sumak yachaywan ishki kawsay yachakkuna.
