Abstract

AGUILAR JIMENEZ, Carlos Ernesto et al. Caracterización del banco de semillas de cuatro agroecosistemas de la Frailesca, Chiapas, México. Siembra [online]. 2020, vol.7, n.2, pp.93-107. ISSN 2477-8850.  https://doi.org/10.29166/siembra.v7i2.2240.

The objective of the work was to determine the dynamics of the weeds of the seed bank of representative agroecosystems of the tropical region, called Frailesca, in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The defined systems were represented by: the fertile soils (river banks), paddock (grasslands), intermediate lands for the cultivation of corn and in secondary succession (acahual). The methodology was based on direct germination, for which composite soil samples were obtained at three depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm), which were placed in trays of the 50 x 30 x 10 cm, placing them in a greenhouse to avoid contamination, providing regular irrigation. Each system was represented by three replicates, 36 total sampling units. The variables evaluated were the number of emerged species and individuals, density and relative dominance, floristic diversity and community similarity, and allelopathic effects of the dominant weeds. The results indicate that the systems intensively managed for agricultural activities, specifically fertile and intermediate lands for the monocultivation of corn, presented more dynamic seed banks, which occurs in the first 10 cm of depth. The dominant weed species from the evaluated banks were Cyperus rotundus L. and Melampodium divaricatum Rich. Floristic diversity determined similar indices between systems and depths. The greatest similarity between communities was found among the agroecosystems managed for the culture of corn. No allelopathic effects of the dominant species on the germination and growth of the representative crops in the region were determined.

Keywords : agroecosystems; weed; reservoir; seeds.

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