Abstract

MABVUTO NGWIRA, Percy. Lessons from Africa: Social-economic impacts of enclave tourism in Livingstone, Zambia. Retos [online]. 2018, vol.8, n.15, pp.35-50. ISSN 1390-8618.  https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n15.2018.03.

This paper employs dependency paradigm to illustrate the social-economic impacts of enclave tourism on developing countries using Livingstone town in Zambia, Africa as a case study. Utilising both primary and secondary data sources, the study finds that, foreign investors and international tourists primarily dominate the tourism industry in Livingstone. The domination of the sector by foreign investors has resulted in dependency paradigm tourism development and failure by tourism to significantly contribute to social-economic development Livingstone town. Despite being credited as a significant sector that contributes to the social-economic development and poverty alleviation, dependency paradigm approach to tourism development in Livingstone has led to weaker linkages with domestic economy resulting in minimal impact on the overall economic growth of the town. Additionally, tourism in Livingstone has been rendered uncompetitive from a business perspective due to dominance by foreign ownership of key tourism enterprises who have created cartels in the business, thereby creating barriers for local businesses to compete effectively. Because of its nature, the tourism sector in Livingstone cannot be pronounced as sustainable. To, address problems of enclave tourism and promote more inclusive and beneficial tourism development in Livingstone and other tourism destinations in developing countries, there is need to adopt policies and strategies that ensure full involvement of local communities and the return of significant earnings from tourism. The strategies must also ensure that tourism development has strong linkages with the rest of the local social-economic activities.

Keywords : Enclave tourism; sustainable tourism development; developing countries; Livingstone; Zambia.

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