Abstract

VARGAS, Carlos; GUAMAN, Jesús; RIOS, Alberto  and  OTORONGO, Manuel. Simulación de una Estrategia en Implementación de Vehículos Eléctricos en el Transporte Terrestre del Ecuador en el Horizonte 2014 - 2035. Rev Politéc. (Quito) [online]. 2020, vol.46, n.1, pp.47-58. ISSN 2477-8990.  https://doi.org/10.33333/rp.vol46n1.05.

In Ecuador, the main final consumer of energy is the transport sector. In 2014, energy consumption reached 42% of total national consumption. The Ecuadorian State must import a significant volume of oil to guarantee the total demand of fossil fuels used in the transport sector. In addition, the fuel expense is subsidized, implying a substantial expenditure of economic resources. In the present article, the strategy of a future implementation of electric vehicles in the national terrestrial transport system is simulated. The study of prospective and energy planning in the transport sector was carried out with the help of the Simulation and Analysis Model of the Energy Matrix - SAME, belonging to the OLADE Latin American Energy Organization. Through a virtual board, it simulates in the year 2035 the substitution of fossil fuels: gasoline and electricity for electricity, thus minimizing the volume of imports of petroleum derivatives. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the technical viability of the electrification of the transport and decoupling sector of petroleum derivatives. As a result of a first strategic approach in this substitution, a reduction of 86.223,0 kbep of diesel of national consumption, would eliminate gasoline imports. Thus, by the year 2035, only about 19.650,99 kbep would be imported, destined for the consumption of commercial, residential and construction sectors.

Keywords : Fossil fuels; Energy consumption; Electrical Substitution; Energy Matrix.

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