Resumen

SOLIS GARCIA, Hugo et al. Extraction of cellulose fibers from hemp stalk (Cannabis sativa L.) by chemical treatment for textile application. Perfiles [online]. 2025, vol.1, n.33, pp.24-35. ISSN 2477-9105.  https://doi.org/10.47187/perf.v1i33.317.

Natural cellulose fibers exhibit ideal properties for the development of innovative materials due to their sustainability, renewability, and low production cost. This study aims to obtain cellulose fibers from the bast of industrial hemp through oxidative alkaline hydrolysis followed by acid hydrolysis. The optimal conditions for maximizing alpha-cellulose content were determined through chemical characterization. The biomass underwent physical description, proximate analysis, and alkaline pretreatment to obtain the average percentage of usable bark (56.07 ± 0.002) %. An experimental design was conducted to evaluate alkali concentration (NaOH: 2-10% w/v), treatment time (30-120 min), and acid hydrolysis conditions. The obtained fibers were subjected to a physical evaluation of yield, color, and fiber release. Chemical characterization was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine lignocellulosic composition and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm lignin removal through the functional groups of hemp fibers. Statistical analysis revealed that the optimal treatment conditions were 10% NaOH and 120 minutes of alkaline hydrolysis, resulting in an average alpha-cellulose content of 75.11 ± 1.08%.

Palabras clave : Hemp fiber; Alkaline hydrolysis; new textile materials; Alpha-cellulose content.

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